CHAPTER 6: SUBSTRUCTION – ARITHMETIC STANDARD II NOTES
Subtract numbers in the range of 100-999
i. Subtraction of numbers without borrowing not exceeding 1000
Subtracting horizontally
Example 1.
H T O H T O
4 7 0 – 1 3 0 = 340
Example 2
326 – 112 = 216
Example 3
372 – 40 = 332
Example 4
248 – 101 = 147
EXERCISE 27
1. 414 – 111 =
2. 320 – 110 =
3. 470 – 30 =
4. 259 – 46 =
5. 481 – 170 =
6. 450 – 420 =
7. 390 – 140 =
8. 453 – 222 =
9. 476 – 256 =
10. 746 – 533 =
EXERCISE 28
Subtract the following
1. 734 – 521 =
2. 348 – 205 =
3. 856 – 111 =
4. 567 – 456 =
5. 454 – 203 =
6. 755 _ 544 =
7. 962 _ 732 =
8. 888 _ 834 =
9. 557_ 413 =
Subtracting vertically
Example 1
4 6 7
-3 2 1
1 4 6
Example 2.
8 6 7
– 2 3 2
6 3 5
Example 3
8 2 7
– 6 0 5
4 2 2
EXERCISE 29
Work out the following
1. 6 8 5 – 2 7 5 =
2. 2 2 2 – 11 2 =
3. 7 5 6 – 7 5 5 =
4. 1 0 2 – 101 =
5. 9 9 7 – 9 7 5 =
EXERCISE 30
Subtract the following
1. 564
-422
2. 755
-431
3. 662
-530
4. 864
-304
5. 664
– 112
ii. Subtraction of numbers with borrowing not exceeding 1000.
Subtract by single borrowing
Horizontal subtraction
Example 1
6 9 2 – 1 3 5 = 557
3 4 5 – 1 2 6 = 219
EXERCISE 31
Subtract the following by single borrowing
1. 334 – 129 =
2. 692 – 325 =
3. 443 – 137 =
4. 795 – 527 =
5. 384 – 264 =
6. 927 – 19 =
7. 496 – 347 =
8. 538 – 219 =
10. 591 – 59 =
11. 870 – 563 =
Vertical subtraction
Example 1
3 2 4
– 1 0 6
2 1 8
Subtract by double borrowing
Horizontal& vertical subtraction
Examples.
5 8 2
-3 9 6
166
5 8 2 – 3 9 6 = 186
EXERCISE 33
1. 8 4 0
-3 5 6
2. 2 6 4
-1 7 5
3. 3 8 4
-2 8 5
4. 5 5 2
– 2 6 5
5. 7 5 3
– 5 6 4
6. 8 7 3
-3 8 5
7. 4 8 7
-3 3 8
8. 3 6 5
– 2 8 7
9. 6 1 4
– 3 2 5
10. 8 9 8
– 2 9 9
EXERCISE 34
Subtract the following
1. 375 – 148 =
2. 662 – 338 =
3. 743 – 628 =
4. 456 – 239 =
5. 586 – 367 =
6. 348 – 205 =
7. 856 – 454 =
8. 363 – 222 =
9. 567 – 456 =
10. 535 – 314 =
11. 495 – 412 =
12. 543 – 314 =
13. 454 – 203 =
14. 856 – 384 =
15. 750 – 428 =
Word problems involving subtraction of whole numbers
Example
1. Mabala had 476 cows in the barn. He took 252 cows to the river. How many cows remained in the barn?
Solution
476 cows in the barn
– 252 cows taken to the river
224 cows which remained in the barn
Therefore, 224 cows remained in the barn.
2. A book had 755 pages. Tom ripped off 544 pages. How many pages remained in the book?
Solution
755 pages
– 544 pages
211 pages remained
Exercise
1. A tracing book has 318 dotted images. Hamza traced 205 images. How many images did Hamza leave untraced?
2. A book had 755 pages. Sameer ripped off 544 pages. How many pages remained in the book?
3. Haridi’s shop had 598 sacks of maize. The shopkeeper sold 224 sacks to the villagers. How many sacks of maize were left in the shop?
4. A tree had 627 oranges. A group of pupils ate 313 oranges. How many oranges were left on the tree?
5. A garden had 869 red roses. A gardener picked 305 roses. How many roses were left in the garden?
6. A necklace had 280 blue and red beads. If 150 beads were blue, how many beads were red?
7. A plane had 382 passengers. Among them, 241 were adults. How many passengers were children?
8. Rajabu made 476 bricks, he sold 205 bricks. How many bricks did Rajabu remain with?
9. A farmer had 502 rabbits. He sold 101 rabbits. How many rabbits did the farmer remain with?
10. In zuberi’s grocery, there were 744 mangoes. Zuberi used 133 mangoes to make juice. How many mangoes were left in the grocery?
CHAPTER 6: SUBSTRUCTION – ARITHMETIC STANDARD II NOTES
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