CHAPTER 8: DIVISION - ARITHMETIC STANDARD II NOTES

CHAPTER 8: DIVISION – ARITHMETIC STANDARD II NOTES

Arrange real objects in groups of equal numbers to demonstrate the concept of division as repeated subtraction

Division as repeated subtraction

Perform subtraction of divisor from the dividend. Then, write the result. Continue to subtract the divisor from the answer. Go on until you get 0.

Note that;

Dividend – a number to be divided by another number

Divisor – a number you divide by

Quotient – the result of a division

Remainder- the part left over and smaller than divisor

2 0 ÷ 3 = 6.2

Dividend divisor quotient remainder

Perform subtraction of divisor from the dividend. Then, write the result. Continue to subtract the divisor from the answer. Go on until you get 0.

Example 1

12 ÷ 4=

Example 2

32 ÷ 4 =

32 – 4 = 28

28 – 4= 24

24 – 4= 20

20 – 4= 16

16 – 4=12

12 – 4= 8

8 – 4= 4

4 – 4= 0

Therefore, 32 ÷ 4= 8

Example 3

15 ÷ 5=

15 – 5= 10

10 – 5= 5

5 – 5= 0

Exercise 1

Answer the following question by using repeated subtraction

1. 9 ÷ 3 =

2. 16 ÷ 8 =

3. 14 ÷ 2 =

4. 15 ÷ 3 =

5. 12 ÷ 4 =

6. 24 ÷ 8 =

7. 12 ÷ 2 =

8. 12 ÷ 6 =

9. 18 ÷ 2 =

10. 77 ÷ 7 =

Exercise 2

Answer the following question by using repeated subtraction

1. 14 ÷ 7=

2. 21 ÷ 7=

3. 18 ÷ 6=

4. 27 ÷ 9=

5. 16 ÷ 2=

6. 17 ÷ 1=

7. 8 ÷ 4 =

8. 36 ÷ 2=

9. 20÷ 4=

10. 39 ÷ 3=

Divide numbers not exceeding 100 without a remainder

Divide numbers horizontally

Example 1

84 ÷ 2 =

Solution

First steps 4 divide by 2

Second steps 8 divide by 2

Example 2

99 ÷ 3 =

Solution

9 from ones side divide by 3

9 from tens side divide by 3

Example 3

20 ÷ 5=

Solution

Draw 5 boxes. Then distribute 20 dots in them.

Hence, 20 ÷ 5=4

Exercise

1. 36 ÷ 3 =

2. 20 ÷ 2 =

3. 48 ÷ 8 =

4. 24 ÷6 =

5. 77 ÷ 7 =

6. 88 ÷ 4 =

7. 49 ÷ 7 =

8. 90 ÷ 9 =

9. 85 ÷ 5 =

10. 81 ÷ 9 =

EXERCISE 2

Answer the following questions

1. 64 ÷ 8=

2. 24 ÷ 6 =

3. 32 ÷ 4=

4. 72 ÷ 8=

5. 56 ÷ 8=

6. 36 ÷ 3=

7. 21 ÷ 7=

8. 30 ÷ 5=

9. 60 ÷ 6=

10. 35 ÷ 7=

DIVISION AS REVERSE OF MULTIPLICATION

Recall the multiplication table of the divisor. Find the number in the blank space. When multiplied by the divisor you get the dividend.

Example 1

36 ÷ 4=

Solution

__X 4= 36

Recall table 4 which number when multiplied by 4 is equal 36?

Recall 9 x 4 = 36 hence, the answer is 9.

Therefore, 36 ÷ 4 = 9

Example 2

18 ÷ 3 =

Solution

__X 3= 18

Recall table 3 which number when multiplied by 3 is equal 18?

Recall 6 x 3 = 18 hence, the answer is 6.

Therefore, 18 ÷ 3 = 6

Example 3

25 ÷ 5 =

Solution

__X 5= 25

Recall table 5 which number when multiplied by 5 is equal 25?

5 x 1 = 5

5 x 2 = 10

5 x 3 = 15

5 x 4 = 20

5 x 5 = 25

Hence, the answer is 5.

Therefore, 25 ÷ 5 = 5

Exercise 1

Answer the following questions:

1. 6 ÷ 3 =

2. 12 ÷ 6 =

3. 14 ÷ 2 =

4. 5 ÷ 5 =

5. 56 ÷ 8 =

6. 16 ÷ 8 =

7. 20 ÷ 4 =

8. 21 ÷ 7 =

9. 44 ÷ 4 =

10. 25 ÷ 5 =

Exercise 2

Answer the following questions:

27 ÷ 3 =
36 ÷ 6=
44 ÷ 4 =
55 ÷ 5 =
32 ÷ 8 =
35 ÷ 5 =
33 ÷ 3 =
42 ÷ 7 =
27 ÷ 9 =
÷ 6 =

WORD PROBLEMS IN DIVISION.

Six pupils shared equally 36 exercise books. How many exercise books did each pupil get?

Solution

36 books equally distributed to 6 pupils.

This is the same as 36 ÷ 6

Since, 6 x 6 = 36

Each pupil will get 6 books.

Mother distributed 20 pencils to her 4 children. How many pencils did each child get?

Solution

This is the same as 20 ÷ 4

Since, 4 x 5= 20

Each pupil will get 5 pencils

Exercise 1

Find answers to the following word problems:

Joseph had 36 oranges. He wanted to share equally among 6 friends. How many oranges will each friend get?
A class has 30 pupils. There are only 10 desks in the class. How many pupils will sit in one desk?
My mother bought 8 sweets for 80 shillings. All the sweets are of the same price. What was the price of one sweet?
A farmer collected 63 eggs from the chicken barn. He did that for one week. How many eggs did he collect in a day?
A bottle has capacity of 5 liters. It is used to fill a tank. The tank has a capacity of 45 liters. How many bottles will completely fill the tank?
In six days, a shopkeeper sold 54buns. He sold the same number of buns every day. How many buns does he sell each day?
John divided 30 sweets equally to 5 children. How many sweets did each child get?
Six chickens produce 18 kg of meat. The chickens are of the same weight. How many kilograms does each chicken have?

Exercise 2

Find the answers of the following word problems.

81 pupils were arranged in 9 rows at the evening assembly. Each row had an equal number of pupils. How many pupils were in each row?
One week has seven days. How many weeks are there in 49 days?
A Teacher marked 56 exercise books in 7 days. She marked the same number of books per day. How many exercise books did she mark per day?
A string measures 28 M. It is cut into seven equal pieces. What is the length of each piece?
Some 90 pupils were put into groups of 9 pupils each. How many groups did they form?
Six boys carried 72 books to school. They all carried equal number of books. How many books did each pupil carry?

CHAPTER 8: DIVISION – ARITHMETIC STANDARD II NOTES