CHAPTER 7: MULTIPLICATION – ARITHMETIC STANDARD II NOTES
Arrange real objects in groups of equal numbers to demonstrate the concept of multiplication as repeated addition
Multiplication is a shortcut of adding numbers. These are numbers added by repeated addition. Look at the following examples
1. 6 x 6=
Solution
Add groups of 6 objects each 6 times
6 x 6 = 6+6+6+6+6+6
= 36 objects
2. 6×3=
Solution
Add groups of 6 objects each 3 times
6 x 3= 6 + 6 + 6
= 18 objects
Exercise 1
Study each group. Express the number of its objects as multiplication. Then, find the total number by repeated addition.
Exercise 2
Write the following multiplication questions as repeated additions. Then, give your answers. Questions I has been done as an example
Questions |
Working space |
Answers |
| 2 x 3= | 2+2+2=6 | 6 |
| 2 x 5 = | ||
| 3 x 3= | ||
| 5 x 3= | ||
| 6 x 6= | ||
| 4 x 4= | ||
| 3 x 4= | ||
| 4 x 5 | ||
| 7 x 3= | ||
| 9 x 2 = |
RULES OF MULTIPLICATION
1. A number multiplied by 1 remain the same
2 x 1 = 2
8 x 1 = 8
1 x 1 = 1
7 x 1 = 7
2. Any number multiplied by 0 is 0
3 x 0 = 0
6 x 0 = 0
3 x 0 = 0
9 x 0 = 0
Exercise
Find the answers to the following questions use repeated addition.
1 x 5 =
1 x 6 =
1 x 4 =
1 x 9 =
3 x 0 =
7 x 0 =
8 x 0 =
2 x 0 =
1 x 0 =
6 x 0 =
CONCEPT OF MULTIPLICAND, MULTIPLIER AND PRODUCT.
The number that multiplies another number is called the multiplier. The number that is multiplied is called is called multiplicand. The result is called a product.
Multiply single digit numbers not exceeding 100
Multiplying two-digit numbers by one-digit numbers
Multiplying Horizontally
Example
1 2 x 4 = 18
2 7 x 3 = 81
EXERCISE 09
1. 21 x 3 =
2. 16 x 5 =
3. 19 x 5 =
4. 9 x 10 =
5. 32 x 6 =
6. 4 x 18 =
7. 44 x 2 =
8. 11 x 8 =
9. 30 x 6 =
10. 20 x 4 =
Multiplying vertically
Example
23
x 4
9 2
10
x 4
40
EXERCISE 10
1. 6 x 4
2. 4 x 0
3. 4 x 8
4. 7 x 9
5. 3 x 5
Solving word problems involving multiplication.
Examples
1. One box has 70 pieces of chalk. How many pieces are in 4 such boxes?
Solution
7 0 chalks
x 4
280
2. A farmer bought two farms each with 26 fruit trees. How many fruit trees are there on the true farm?
Solution
26 fruits
x 2
52
3. Anna bought three pens, each pen cost 50 shillings, and how much did she pay for the pens?
Solution
50 shillings
x 3
150
EXERCISE
1. The weight of one parcel is 25 kilograms what will be the weight of 7 such parcels?
2. A car move 80 kilometers in one hour. How many kilometers will it go in 5 hours?
3. There are 8 rows of trees. In each row there are 15 threes. How many threes are there?
4. 20 pupils were given 2 pencils each. How many pencils did they receive altogether?
5. 1 bucket holds 15 mangoes. How many mangoes do 6 such baskets hold?
CHAPTER 7: MULTIPLICATION – ARITHMETIC STANDARD II NOTES
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