COMPUTER SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING
i. CONCEPT OF COMPUTER SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING
Computer system troubleshooting refers to the systematic approach used to detect, diagnose, and fix faults in a computer system. Problems may arise from hardware, software, power supply, or poor system performance. Effective troubleshooting follows logical steps such as identifying the problem, finding the cause, applying a solution, and testing the system.
Computer system troubleshooting is the process of identifying, analyzing, and solving problems that prevent a computer system from working correctly. Troubleshooting helps restore normal system operation and ensures reliable performance.
Examples
Restarting a computer that has frozen, checking cable connections when a monitor does not display, or reinstalling a corrupted program.
Practical Activity
Identify a computer problem in your school laboratory and describe the steps taken to solve it.
Scenario Question
A computer suddenly stops responding during use. Explain how troubleshooting can help solve the problem.
ii. HARDWARE TROUBLESHOOTING
Hardware troubleshooting involves identifying and fixing problems related to physical components of a computer system. These problems usually affect input, processing, storage, or output devices.
Hardware troubleshooting includes the following.
i. Computer not powering on
This may be caused by faulty power cables, power supply unit, or power socket. Checking connections and replacing damaged components solves the problem.
ii. No display on the monitor
Caused by loose VGA or HDMI cables, faulty monitor, or incorrect display settings.
iii. Keyboard or mouse not responding
May be due to loose connections, damaged ports, or driver problems.
iv. Printer not printing
Caused by paper jams, empty cartridges, or incorrect printer connections.
v. Unusual noises from system unit
Indicates problems with fans or hard disks.
Examples
Replacing a faulty keyboard or reconnecting a loose monitor cable.
Practical Activity
Disconnect and reconnect hardware devices correctly and test their functionality.
Scenario Question
A computer turns on but shows no display. Explain hardware troubleshooting steps to solve this problem.
iii. SOFTWARE TROUBLESHOOTING
Software troubleshooting deals with problems related to programs and operating systems. These issues affect how the computer performs tasks.
Software troubleshooting includes the following.
i. Computer freezing or crashing
Caused by incompatible software, malware, or insufficient memory.
ii. Programs failing to open or run
Occurs due to corrupted files or missing program components.
iii. Operating system errors
May be caused by virus infection or damaged system files.
iv. Slow system response
Caused by too many running programs or outdated software.
v. Virus and malware infections
These damage files and slow down system performance.
Examples
Reinstalling a corrupted application or updating the operating system.
Practical Activity
Scan a computer for viruses and uninstall unused programs.
Scenario Question
A computer becomes very slow after installing new software. Explain how software troubleshooting can solve the issue.
iv. PERFORMANCE TROUBLESHOOTING
Performance troubleshooting focuses on improving the speed and efficiency of a computer system. Performance problems occur when the system operates slower than expected.
Performance troubleshooting includes the following.
i. Insufficient storage space
Lack of disk space slows down system operations.
ii. Too many startup programs
Programs that start automatically reduce system speed.
iii. Fragmented hard disk
Files stored in scattered locations reduce performance.
iv. Outdated hardware components
Low RAM or old processors affect system speed.
v. Overheating
Dust and poor ventilation cause performance reduction.
Examples
Running disk cleanup, adding RAM, or improving ventilation.
Practical Activity
Check startup programs and disable unnecessary ones.
Scenario Question
A computer takes a long time to boot. Explain performance troubleshooting methods to improve startup speed.
v. ELECTRICAL TROUBLESHOOTING
Electrical troubleshooting involves identifying and solving power-related problems that affect computer systems. Electrical faults can damage hardware and cause data loss.
Electrical troubleshooting includes the following.
i. Power fluctuations
Sudden voltage changes damage computer components.
ii. Frequent power interruptions
Caused by unstable power supply.
iii. Faulty power cables and sockets
Damaged cables cause power failure.
iv. Lack of power protection devices
Absence of UPS or surge protectors increases risk.
v. Improper grounding
Leads to electric shocks and hardware damage.
Examples
Using UPS devices and replacing damaged power cables.
Practical Activity
Inspect power cables and identify power protection devices in the computer laboratory.
Scenario Question
Explain how power fluctuations can affect a computer system and how electrical troubleshooting helps.
IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTER SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING
Computer system troubleshooting is important because it.
i. Restores normal system operation
ii. Reduces system downtime
iii. Prevents data loss
iv. Improves system performance
v. Extends hardware lifespan
vi. Reduces maintenance costs
vii. Enhances user productivity