Topic 1: The Concept of Science – Science Standard Three Notes
Welcome to our website darasahuru.ac.tz. In this article you will find Topic 1: The Concept of Science – Science Standard Three (Darasa la Tatu) Notes. Standard III(three) is the third class in the series of primary education system in Tanzania.
What is science?
Science is a body of knowledge which involves investigations and experimentation.
Experiments can involve measurement of various parameters such as:
a) Temperature
b) Length
c) Mass
Science is used to explain how things work in the real world; for example,
a) Rain formation
b) Occurrence of earthquake
c) Thunderstorm
Science helps to make tools and machines that are used to simplify work
Science helps solve problems in our daily life.
Activities that apply science in daily life
(i) Using a mobile phone to simplify communication.
(ii) Sport and games for example sliding and swimming
(iii) To make various tools
(iv) To simplify work for example pushing a heavy stone using an iron rod.
Exercise
1. What is science?
2. Mention three (3) activities that apply science in daily life.
Branches of science
There are three branches of science. These include:
a) Biology
b) Physics
c) Chemistry
A: Biology
Biology is a branch of science that deals with living things. Living things include plants and animals.
B. Physics
Physics is a branch of science that deals with matter in relation to energy.
Forms of energy
(i) Heat energy
(ii) Light energy
(iii) Electric energy
The primary source of energy is the sun.
The energy from the sun is called solar energy
C. Chemistry
Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with composition and properties of matter
States of matter
There are three states of matter
a) Solid – Examples of solids include stone and sugar.
b) Liquid – Examples of liquids include water and milk
c) Gaseous – Examples of matter in gaseous state include air, oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas.
Exercise
Write TRUE for a correct sentence and FALSE for an incorrect sentence.
1. Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with matter in relation to energy.
2. Physics deals with the characteristics of living things.
3. Biology deals with animals and plants.
4. Chemistry deals with the study of properties of matter.
The importance of science
The importance of science in everyday life includes the following:
1. It helps to generate new knowledge and skills.
2. It helps to make different instruments or equipment used in our daily life.
For example:
(i) Items and equipment we use at home, such as clothes, soap, toothpaste, cooking gas, gas cylinders, table, food utensils, television, fridge, radio and car..
(ii) Various items used in schools, such as chalks, exercise books, pens and books.
(iii) Building materials such as cement, lime, iron sheets, pipes, steel and tiles. These are used for building infrastructure such as houses and bridges.
(iv) Equipment for investigation and diagnosis of diseases. An example of such equipment is a microscope
(v) Devices such as telephone and computers used to simplify communications.
Careers in Science
1) Teaching
2) Pharmacy
3) Engineering
4) Veterinary medicine
5) Medicine
6) Civil aviation
7) Chemistry
8)Botany
Descriptions of scientific careers
Exercise
1. Match the sentence in List A with the correct word from List B.
2. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences.
(a) Science that deals with matter in relation to energy is called ________.
(b) Science that deals with the matter and its properties is called ________.
3. Explain how science is used in the following areas:
(a) At home
(b) At school
(c) In shops
(d) In hospitals
(e) On the road
4. Name science professions other than those explained in this chapter.
Vocabulary
Air – mixture of different gases
Energy – ability to do work
Investigation – a way of finding out information of unknown matter using various methods
Laboratory – room or building for scientific experiments or research
Matter – anything that has weight and occupies space
Microscope – an instrument used for viewing very small things which can not be seen by naked eyes
