TOPIC 5: FRACTIONS – MATHEMATICS STANDARD THREE
Recognising fractions
A fraction is a part of a thing that makes up a whole thing.
When you cut an orange into slices and share it with your friends, each piece is called a fraction of the orange.
Examples of fractions are
,
The upper number is called the numerator while the lower one is called the denominator.
Example 1
Write in fraction the shaded part of each figure.
Answer
Example 2
A mother gave mangoes to her three children as follows:
Rashid got 2 mangoes, Irene got 2 mangoes, and Likweme got 2 mangoes. What fraction of mangoes did Rashid get?
Solution
Rashid got 2 mangoes
Irene got 2 mangoes
Likwe me got 2 mangoes
Total mangoes: 2 + 2 + 2 = 6
Therefore, Rashid got 
of the mangoes.
Exercise 1
1. Draw a circle and then divide it and shade it to show the following fractions:
2. How many are there in a whole thing?
3. How many 
are there in a whole thing?
4. Mussa cut an orange into two equal pieces as shown in the following figure. He gave one piece to his sister Neema. What fraction of the orange did each get?
5. Shade each figure from (a) to (e) to show the fraction indicated in each figure.
6. Write the fractions which represent the shaded parts of the drawings (a) to (d).
7. Musa divided a soap bar into four equal pieces. He gave one piece to his sister.
8. What fraction of the bar did he give to his sister?
9. What is the fraction of two goats out of six goats?
10. There are eight mangoes, two of them are rotten. What is the fraction of the rotten mangoes?
11. A farmer picked six papayas and wants to distribute them equally to his three children. What fraction of all the papayas will each child get?
12. Selemani had one papaya. He decided to divide the papaya into three equal pieces with his two friends. What part of the papaya did each of them get?
13. Sadiki has twenty bananas. He wants to distribute the bananas to his four children equally. What fraction of all the bananas will each child get?
ADDITION OF FRACTIONS WITH THE SAME DENOMINATOR
To add fractions with the same denominator simply add the numerators and keep the denominator the same.
Example 1
Use drawings to answer the following question.
Steps
Exercise 2
Answer the following questions by using drawings:
VOCABULARY
SUMMARY
REVISION EXERCISE
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