Civics Form One Questions and Answer All Topics

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TOPIC ONE: OUR NATION

QN: 1 Give the definition of the following terms that your teacher taught you

CIVICS is the study of rights, duties and responsibilities of citizens

NATION is a large community of people live in a particular geographical area, and who have their own sovereignty, history, culture and government eg. Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia etc.

SOVEREIGNTY is the ability and freedom of a state or a nation to exercise its power by governing itself.

NATIONAL SYMBOLS are the objects or signs that are designed to identify a nation from another eg. Flag, a badge, an emblem etc.

LIBERTY is the freedom to live as you wish but not out of the national constitution.

GOVERNMENT is a system or group of people with legal authority to control an organized society or country

QN: 2 Is Civics subject related with other subjects? Give five evidence to support your answer

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIVICS AND OTHER SUBJECTS

Civics is related to History. Through learning about various national festivals which reflect past events in our country and the world
Civics is related to Language. People can exercise freedom of expression and association through language
Civics is related to Geography which addresses issues of environmental conservation and sustainability of natural resources
Civics is related to science subjects. Civics underscores the needs of citizens to develop life skills necessary for social adjustment
Civics is related with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) through learning issues of globalization that help people to develop awareness on contribution, challenges and adverse impacts of ICT in the world.

QN:3 Suppose you have attended the debate in your school and the motion state that “Civics subject is more important than Biology subject”. Being in proposer side, defend the motion with five points OR Ignoring civics subjects is like to throw a bag of diamond in the sea and your life will be very poor. substantiate this quotation in six points.

IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING CIVICS

Civics helps students to understand rights and responsibilities
Civics helps students to be more confident and conscious citizens
Civics helps students to understand and live according to their culture
Civics teaches students to participate in learning activities
Civics helps students to understand relationship between the nations

QN: 4 The country is formed with the presence of some aspects that build it. As a civics expert, outline five composition of the court of arms of Tanzania

COMPOSITION OF THE COURT OF ARM

Two human figures, which represent national unity and cooperation among Tanzanians.
The national flag, is the symbol of national freedom and independence
The uhuru touch, is a freedom, enlightenment and prosperity
The closed axe and hoe, represent tools used by the peasants and farmers on Tanzania
The elephant tusks, represent our national heritage in terms of wild life.
The shield and spear, represent the traditional weapons used for defence and security purpose
Cloves and cotton, represent cash crops produced in Tanzania
The word UHURU na UMOJA, refer to the freedom and unity that exit in Tanzania
Mount kilimanjoro, it shows that the Tanzania is proud to have the highest mountain in Africa

QN: 5 As a citizen of Tanzania, identify and explain the national symbols of Tanzania

NATIONAL SYMBOLS

The national flag, is a piece of cloth with the special colors designed to represent the nation. The national flag of Tanzania has four colours which are black, blue, green and yellow
The national anthem, is the official song of the nation which reflects national feelings, desire, glory and pride of people’s nationality
The coat of arm, is the government logo or badge which comprises many different colours and landmarks of the nation of Tanzania
The uhuru torch, is the torch which was introduced by the first president of Tanzania Julius K. Nyerere as a symbol of freedom, unity, love, dignity, solidarity and hope among Tanzanians
The giraffe, is a national symbol protected by the law. Giraffe reminds to Tanzanians to increase understanding of their country by viewing life from different angles
The national currency is the system of money that the country uses as the medium of exchange in the various trade transactions. The Tanzanian national currency is called Tanzanian shilling.
The national language is the language which is spoken by all people within a country. The national language of Tanzania is Kiswahili
The national constitution is the system of laws and basic principles that govern a state or a government
The presidential standard, is the flag of president which is used in the official ceremonies where the president is in attendance

QN: 6 You as a Civics expert, explain to your community by giving five points, why you think there is importance to teach the national symbols of Tanzania from nursery school education?

IMPORTANCE OF NATIONAL SYMBOLS

Signs of National freedom. The national symbols of Tanzania indicate the existence of national freedom in our country since independence.
A unifying tool for Tanzanians. Sometimes these symbols act as the combine that united people as a single unit in Tanzania.
Sense of proud. Those national symbols make citizens of Tanzania feel proud of their country due to the presence of freedom of exercising their power
Feel the love as a citizen of Tanzania. These symbols express a sense of belonging to Tanzania and Africa
Act as identification. The national symbol in the country stand as the identity for international recognition that Tanzania is an independent state.

QN: 7 Mr. Zawadi is a chairperson of Mshikamano village, he provided a speech to the community on the importance of having the sovereign government in Tanzania. As a student who studied Civics subject, support Mr. Zawadi with five points.

IMPORTANCE OF SOVEREIGN GOVERNMENT/STATES

To maintain good relationship. A sovereignty government promotes good relationship with other nations due to the existence of good foreign policy.
To maintain peace and security of a nation. The sovereignty in a state ensures the presence of peace and security in a country due to the making the laws of the state.
It brings national stability. A sovereignty in the country is important because its existence enables a nation to form its policies for the development in a country
It is the sign of freedom in a state. The Citizens in a sovereign state become free from the external domination from other nations.
It helps a country to exercise its power. Sovereignty enables the leaders in a country to operate the state affairs freely without being interfered with other states

QN: 8 The National Anthem of Tanzania has two stanzas, and it is sung by the citizens to inculcate the sense of patriotism. As a citizen of Tanzania, briefly explain any five special occasions when the National Anthem of Tanzania is sung OR Before and after president Samia suluhu Hassan announced the death of late President John pombe Magufuli the national anthem was sung. Elaborate other five events which can lead the national anthem to be sung.

OCCUSION/ EVENTS WHICH CAN LEAD THE NATIONAL ANTHEM TO BE SUNG.

During international sport competition
When the national flag is hoisted
When the president addresses the nation
When the president or vice president visits another country
National celebrations or festivals
On the announcement of the death of the president, vice president or prime minister
When the president is about to inspect a guard of honour
When the national radio and television stats and ends their daily program

QN: 9 Imagine you are the ward executive officer, explain to your community, why there is important to celebrate the national festivals in Tanzania? OR Your fellow students have low opinion on the celebration of national festivals in Tanzania. In six points, explain how you would change your fellow students’ negative opinion on such celebrations.

IMPORTANCE OF CELEBRATING NATIONAL FESTIVAL

Reflection of particular events. These days mark a reflection on the important events, hence make people be aware of them.
They unify people together. These days combine people from different localities and make them feel as one.
Enhance people’s common culture. These days strengthens and enhance unity, solidarity, cooperation and fraternity among people who share common culture and history.
Source of recreation. These are part of recreational activities as many professional workers and entertainment always accompany those events
To identify the problems facing the communities. These events help leaders to identify problems face the societies
Help leaders to pass important information. The aim is to encourage and inspire citizens to engage in socio-economic and political activities for personal and national development

TOPIC TWO: PROMOTION OF LIFE SKILLS

QN: 10 Explain by using five points, which types of life skills will you recommend to your friend who is not getting along well with his friends? OR Assume you want to be a good member of a society by using life skills. How could you attain your goals? six points OR Life skills are said to be very important and useful in the family, society and national wide while people get success through these skills. In six arguments show how can we use social skills in daily life?

SOCIAL SKILLS are skills which give an individual the knowledge and ability to deal competently with other people’s demands. They include;

Forming good relationships, is the ability for people to meet and relate with others in various places like schools and playing ground. Being able to form good relationship enable one to know how to behave properly in each relationship
Resisting peer pressure, our friends can influence us to do good or bad things. Peer resistance helps an individual take control of his or her life by resisting negative influence from others.
Showing empathy, empathy is the ability to understand other people’s feeling and feel concerned about their problem. This skill enables people to share their friends’ problems in the society wisely and sensibly
Showing effective communication, effective communication is the ability of a person to communicate with people according to their mood, age and background without undermining each other.
Entrepreneurship skills, mean the ability to transform ideas into action by solving problems, being creative, innovative and taking risks.
Joining team-work, is a process through which a number of individuals with common goals or desires collaborate to do something. During the collaboration, group members can share their knowledge, skills and resources.
Making negotiation, is the ability to agree on issues without undermining or going against one’s principles. Negotiation skills help to avoid misunderstanding on issues and help to build good understanding between people in the community

QN: 11 Tanzania is the one among of the peaceful country in the world, but most of its citizens are affected with the problem of managing their stress. If you have given the chance to deliver talk on the mechanisms of managing stress, which five points will you consider?

WAYS TO MANAGE STRESS

Time management, this is achieved by preparing a timetable or schedule helpful for arranging activities in an organized manner. Having a timetable will help you to get rid of unnecessary stress.
Living an organized life, a person is required to live in an organized life, especially religious organized faith. Living in that way will help a person to manage stress
Having positive attitude, being positive and avoiding focusing on negative aspects of life protects one’s mental health.
Finding social support system, use time with friends, other family members and people who love, care about and support you. a strong support system will enable a person to share with them negative feeling and pain.
Exercising and leisure, physical exercise gives a person an opportunity to get rid of his or her negative feelings. Take time to do leisure things like watching movies, reading beautiful story books etc.
Engage in hobbies. Pursue activities you enjoy, whether it is reading, dancing, painting etc
Set boundaries. Learn to say no when you feel overwhelmed

QN: 12 A person can acquire the knowledge of life skills through different areas. With six points show the different promoters of life skills in your society. OR In five points, assess the institutional agents through which children can learn different life skills in their daily life

SOURCE/ AGENT/PROMOTERS OF LIFE SKILLS

Family, this is the primary and first source through which a person (child), can learn life skills. Parents, guardians and other relative are the primary source from whom we learn different life skills
Neighbours, these are people living close to our homes. Sometimes neighbors may play a role in molding our moral values and life skills
Friends/peers, our friends help us to acquire various life skills due to the exchanging of our ideas. Children acquire some life skills either by observing or working with them
School, children can learn the life skills through education acquired from school. It is expected that, the knowledge and skills acquired will be useful in their daily lives
Society, the way people live allow an individual to learn what is expected of him or her. Since children live with others, they learn good manners, good behavior and skills through interacting with others
Religion, good religious teachings help us to get skills which enable the people to get skills which enable us to live harmoniously in the society. Religious teachings sharpen children’s behavior and conduct to become acceptable members
Government, the government imparts life skills to its people through educational programs. The government has institutions such as school, colleges and others which organize professional development programs to educate people about civic responsibilities
Non-governmental organization, these are organizations which provide social services to people. They initiate different programs aimed at promoting life skills among the youths

QN: 13 Working hard is an engine for development in any country. if the community has to join their efforts together it will fast bring development in all spheres in their areas. What are the six importance of team working?

IMPORTANCE OF TEAM WORK

TEAM WORK– Teamwork is a process through which a number of individuals with common goals or desires collaborate to do something. Its importance

It enables members to learn from each other
It reduces stress
It builds self-esteem
It develops social life skills
It helps an individual to gain deeper learning
It makes effective use of labor
It saves time
It facilitates good results

QN: 14 Suppose a teacher discovers that ineffective communication is a factor for the repeated conflicts among the students. Briefly analyse five areas in the communication process that will improve the student’s ability to communicate appropriately so as to build good relationship among them.

FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

Communication is a process by which two or more people share information. The shared information usually comprises facts, knowledge or emotions. Communication is effective when the two sides actively share information without undermining other side. Effective communication can be achieved through the following factors

Clarity of the massage
Appropriate language
Time is observed
Attentive listening
Questions are asked and answered

QN: 15 It is true that, failure to apply life skills may lead to the social problem in a society. As the member of the society, explain five advantages of applying life skills in our daily life.

ADVANTAGIES/IMPORTANCE OF LIFE SKILLS

Promote good behaviour, life skills enable an individual to develop good behavior which will enable him/her to live well in the community and avoid bad friendship
It maintains peace and orders; life skills maintain peace and order by solving various problems in the society.
It brings love in the community, due to life skills, people may increase love and understanding among themselves.
It encourages people to make good decisions, life skills enable us to make the proper decision in life on different matters.
It helps individual to face challenges, life skills enable an individual to handle and respond various challenges occurred in the community like divorce, death of friend and relative or any form of harassment.

QN: 16 Failure to obtain and use life skills cause many problems.” This statement was said by the psychologist who addressed the group of youth and parents. Being among the youth who attended there, propose five problems that are associated with his statement. OR Many people in the society fail to apply life skills for the national and person development. In six points explain the problem of not applying skills in our daily life.

CONSEQUENCES OF NOT USING/APPLYING LIFE SKILLS

Improper choice, failure to apply life skills may make people to make wrong choices in the communities
Rise of conflicts, conflicts may occur among the people in the community due to failure to build and maintain positive relationships leads to conflicts with others
Poor academic performance, in learning context, students with low self-esteem and poor problem-solving skills are more likely to fail to make decision on how to study
Increase immoral behavior, Youth may get into bad behavior and result in things like drug abuse, alcoholism, prostitution, etc
Lack of empathy, this may lead to the increase of suffering for those who have problems. Those who have no such problem may not understand their circumstances
May results to poor leadership, poor leadership in the societies due to the lack of using life skills.
Stagnation of personal and national development, a society with people who are not critical and creative about their personal and national economy always live poverty

TOPIC THREE: HUMAN RIGHTS

HUMAN RIGHTS refer to the basic and fundamental rights that all human beings are entitled to because they are human beings.

BILL OF RIGHTS is the list of human rights and freedom guaranteed to all people in the country constitution

QN: 19 Tanzania is the signatory of practicing human rights to its citizens. In five points, explain the roles of the government of Tanzania in promoting and protecting the human rights OR As the government officer at Mtakuja village where the villagers don’t see any role performed by the government in promoting human rights. How would you educate them in six points?

ROLES OF GOVERNMENT IN PROMOTING HUMAN RIGTHS IN TANZANIA

Including them in Constitution. The government of Tanzania always promotes and protects the human rights by recognizing and including them in the constitution
Practicing the rule of laws. The government of Tanzania promotes human rights by practicing the rule of laws. It means that all people are under the law and nobody is above the law
Practicing multiparty system. Where people are free to join political parties of their choice
Allowing non- governmental organization. The government of Tanzania allows the existence of Non- Government Organizations (NGOs) to operate in the country that promote Human Rights. Examples of organizations TAMWA, TAWLA, TGNP etc
Accept international obligation. The government accepts and respect international obligation on human rights. Tanzania accepts various international agreements on human rights. Example Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
It established the commission for human rights and good governance. The Government of Tanzania established the human rights commission and good governance, this ensure the promoting and protecting human rights
Ensuring employment opportunities. The government ensures the employment opportunities to its citizens that enable people to access their living.

QN: 20 Every person in Tanzania is obliged to practice his or her human rights accordingly without annoying others. In the light of this statement provide five reasons why the government of Tanzania put some limitations in practicing individuals’ rights? OR Why do you think it is important to restrict the exercise of human rights in the society? Six points

LIMITATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS refers to the restriction of exercising some of the human rights for good reasons.

PURPOSE OF LIMITING/RESTRICTING INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

To protect the rights of others. This happens when the conflicts of rights occur, certain rights sometimes need to be limited in order to protect the rights of others
To protect the public health. Some rights must be limited to some extent in order to protect the public health, for example, some people who suffer from epidemic disease may have their freedom of movement restricted in order to protect other people from such disease.
National security. Freedom of movement may be restricted if it interferes with the protection of the state’s security. Similarly, publishing government secrets, in exercise of freedom of expression, can be harmful to state security.
To protect public morals. Protecting public morals is sometimes cited as a reason to limit individual’s right. For example, it may be used to limit freedom of expression in the interests of regulating inappropriate films.
Maintain social peace and harmony. Peace and harmony can bring a peaceful and stable order to society and they are a necessary condition for survival and development of mankind
To fulfil specific purpose. The right to personal liberty may be limited if one is convicted of a crime in accordance with fair trial and the rule of law

QN: 21 What do you understand by human right abuse? In six points explain briefly how parents, society and government can abuse human rights.

HUMAN RIGHT ABUSE is the unlawful prevention of a person enjoyment of his or her rights as outlined in the constitution. Human rights abuse may include raping women and children, child labour, increase of corruption, forced marriages, early marriages.

PARENT CAN ABUSE THE RIGHTS OF THEIR CHILDREN by

Denying them education
Not providing basic needs
Forced marriage
Gender inequality
Giving their children severe punishment

SOCIETY CAN ABUSE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS by

Beating and killing suspected criminals
Abounding children in the streets
Stigmatizing less fortunate members of the societies such as disabled people and people living with HIV/AIDs

GOVERNMENT CAN ABUSE HUMAN RIGHTD by

Discriminating against some citizens
Disrespecting a bill of rights
Failure to maintain the rule of laws
Making oppressive laws that limit individual rights
Using military force to torture civilian

QN: 22 Despite of good human rights record in the country, Tanzania still suffer from the problem of human rights abuse. Verify this statement by giving five points OR Tanzania is one of the countries that are still suffering from incidences of human right abuse. Defend the validity of this statement by giving six points.

INCIDENCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE

Beating and killing suspected criminals like thieves
Increase of social crimes like raping and robbery
Presence of early marriages in the societies
Presence of corruption and abuse of power
Presence of severe punishment from the parents to their children.
Stigmatization the less fortunate people like people living with HIV/AIDS

QN: 23 Although the presence of human rights in Tanzania ensure the justice to the people in the country, but there is the problem of human rights abuse in many societies in the country. Provide five factors that signify the impacts of this problem in Tanzania. OR Briefly explain the effects of human rights abuse to a country life Tanzania. Give six points.

IMPACTS/ EFFECTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE

Occurrence of conflicts. Human rights abuse in the society may lead to the rise of conflicts and misunderstanding among the people in a community
Increase of social crimes. The existence of acts that indicate human rights abuse lead to the increase of crimes such as stealing, robbery etc
Rise of political instability in the state. Due to human rights abuse in a community, may lead to misunderstanding which ultimately lead to political conflicts in a country.
Increase of oppression and humiliation. Oppression and humiliation may increase, especially to the less fortunate members in the society.
It leads to discrimination. Especially in socio-economic and political aspects
May denies people to secure the basic social services. Human rights abuse may make the citizens not to get their basic needs and social services properly

QN. 24 Despite of good human rights records in the country, Tanzania still suffer from the problem of human rights abuse. You as a member from amnesty international, propose five ways of combating with this problem in Tanzania OR How would you ensure that abuse of human rights is not practiced in Tanzania? Six points

WAYS TO COMBAT HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE

Maintain the rule of laws. The government has to maintain the rule of laws in the state
Provision of public education. Government and non-governmental organizations should educate citizens about their rights
To maintain respect in a community. The society has to respect all people in the country regardless their background such as races, religion or tribe
Ensuring the justice to all people. The court of laws should enforce them in a just manner and punish those who abuse the rights
Equal treatment to all people. No one should be discriminated against because of race, religion, gender or economic status
Religious institutions should preach against bad social practices. Example rape, theft, corruption
There should be the system of controlling the activities of the government. This will make the government to be transparent in its activities.

TOPIC FOUR: RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP

QN. 25 Define the following terms as used in civics a) Citizen b) Citizenship c) Special groups

A CITIZEN is a person who is belonged to a certain country and has the full rights as the member of that country.

CITIZENSHIP is the condition that gives a person the legal right to belong to a particular country with all rights and duties in the country.

SPECIAL GROUPS are those groups of people who face or experience the difficulties of interacting with their environment.

QN. 26 Juma and Ally are both citizens of Tanzania, give five privileges provided to them by the government. OR What privileges do you enjoy by being a Tanzania citizen? Six point

PREVILEGES OF CITIZENSHIP

It enables a person to practice their rights. This will enable a person to exercise his or her legal rights in the country like right to vote without any kind of discrimination.
It enables a person to get social services. It enables a person to get services which are provided by the government to the citizens only, example free education, health, food supply etc.
It gives a person the right to participate in various activities. It allows a person to participate in civil activities in the country such as voting for leaders and being voted for
It enables a person to get protection. It enables the citizens to get security which is provided by the government to the citizens
It enables a person to get a passport or visa.
Help a person apply in various legal matters. Citizenship is useful in various legal and official matters related to getting employment in public offices and military services.

QN. 27 Matata lived in Tanzania illegally for two years now. There are some problems that he is facing. You as a citizen of Tanzania, justify five harmful conditions that Matata face as a result of violating the law of our country. OR Jane lived in Tanzania illegally for three years now, as a civics expert what do you think Jane face as a result of violating the low of the country? six points.

CONSEQUENCES OF STAYING OR LIVING IN A COUNTRY WITHOUT BEING A CITIZEN

Lack of protection. The person will not have protection while living in the country, and ultimately will put his life at a risk of insecurity.
Lack of freedom. The person will not have the freedom of expression and movement and other rights
Can be termed as enemy and criminal. People in the country will consider the person who is illegally staying in the country as an enemy and criminal
Lack the right to get social services. The person will not be considered to get services which are provided by the government example free education, health, food supply, government guarantees etc
Lack the right to participate in various activities in the country. The person will not be involved in important activities for his own development in social, political and economic
Lack the right to be employed in sensitive areas. The person cannot be employed in areas such in the military and ministries for security

QN. 28 Imagine you have been given a chance to speak in the school campus about citizenship. Provide six procedures to be followed by a person who want to acquire citizenship by registration in Tanzania.

CONDITIONS FOR APPLYING CITIZENSHIP OF TANZANIA

He or she must be a person of good behavior/character
He or she must renounce his or her former citizenship
He or she must have adequate knowledge of Kiswahili and English
He or she must have lived in the country for not less than seven years
He or she must contribute to the national economy
He or she must be 21 years old or above.

QN. 29 After living in Tanzania for a long time, McKenzie got married a Tanzanian lady and later he was registered as a citizen of Tanzania. Tell McKenzie six issues that can make him to lose his citizenship if he is not careful

CONDITION THAT MAY LEAD AN INDIVIDUAL TO LOSE HIS/HER CITIZENSHIP IN TANZANIA

The government is certified that the person obtained the certificate of registration by means of fraud, false representation or the concealment of any material fact
The person has committed a crime. E.g. as treason or fraud
The person denounces his or her Tanzanian citizenship
The person holds dual citizenship. Between Tanzania and another country
The person has shown by act or speech to be disloyal to the United Republic of Tanzania
The person has ordinary been resident in a foreign country for a continuous period of five years

QN. 30 Show how a responsible Tanzanian citizen can contribute to the welfare and prosperity of the country by giving six points.

CONTRIBUTIONS

Doing lawful productive work
Participating in community development activities
Safeguarding public property
Paying tax
Promoting fairness, equality and social justice
Obeying the law
Respecting the rights of others
Serve in the national armed forces
Protect the environment
Be loyal to the nation
Support special groups

QN. 31 As a citizen of Tanzania, identify and explain six special groups which need special care from your community

SPECIAL GROUPS

Street children. These are the children who live in street due to the various reasons from their families such as poverty, family disintegration, abuse from their parents or guardians and even death of their parents.
Old Aged People/Elderly. These are people who have advanced age and they need special care because of their age, they cannot work effectively to get their living like young men because they become less energetic.
Refugees. These are people who migrate from their countries and go to live and settle in foreign countries because of insecurity in their home countries. They run their countries because of; Political conflicts, Rise of civil wars, Social conflicts among themselves such as intertribal wars, economic problems, religious conflicts and Natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods.
People with Disabilities. This is the group of people who face variety of problems such as physical mental disabilities or psychological problem that make it difficult for them to act in normal condition. For example, some have difficult in speaking (dumb) hearing impairment (deaf), visual impairment (blind) writing or walking difficulties.
People with HIV/AIDS. These are people who are infected with Human Immune deficiency virus. These people are facing with many problems such lack of basic needs, stigmatizing from the communities and they feel inferior to the communities.
Orphan children. Are those children under 18 years old who lost one or both biological parents? We need to help orphan in case of sickness or other conditions since they have no one to take care of them.

QN. 28 In six points, show to what extent the citizens of Tanzania are responsible towards different special groups in the country

RESPONSIBILITIES OF CITIZENS TO SPECIAL GROUPS

Supporting them. Assisting these people by providing materials and financial support. This will help them to get basic needs
Give them good interaction. Interacting with them at home and in the community meeting and allowing them to express their opinions and feelings
Showing them respect and understanding. Respect will value them and they feel comfortable to express their opinions
Providing education. Providing education to all depending on their special needs. This will help them to master their environment and to fight for their rights
Supporting them physically. Supporting them physically when they need help, for example when people with disabilities such as blind are crossing the road.
Providing counselling and socialization. Providing counselling to them and socializing with them because some special groups need much socialization and counselling, for example people with HIV/AIDS. This will enable them to be free from stress

TOPIC FIVE: CAREER AND WORK- RELATED ACTIVITIES

QN. 29 Briefly give the meaning of the following terms a. Career b. Career choice c. Career development d. Work

CAREER is an occupation or job that someone does for a long period of his or her life. One can have a career in accountancy, medicine, teaching, political science, engineering, marketing, psychology, journalism, law and other fields

CAREER CHOICE means choosing the job that one likes. For example, some people may choose careers in teaching, law, engineering, accountancy and others. After choosing a career, one needs to further develop it

CAREER DEVELOPMENT means doing things which enable a person to excel in the career he or she has chosen. For example, an individual may undergo further training so as to improve knowledge and skills in relation to a career

Work is any lawful or legal activity that requires mental and physical effort to achieve results. Example of work farming, livestock keeping, teaching, plumbing and carpentry etc

QN. 30 There are several factors which affect the career development of a person.” This statement was said by the Minister of works and youth development. As one of youth, propose five factors to support the statement of the Minister

FACTORS AFFECTING CAREER DEVELOPMENT

Personal characteristics and internal motivation. Personal characteristics may play a significant role in choosing the occupation. For example, people who like serving others are likely to choose and enjoy working as teachers, doctors, social workers, councillors and others.
Age. Age play an important role in career development. Some careers need a person of a certain age. Advanced age affects the career development
Health problem and disabilities. Health problem and disabilities may make difficulty to some people to develop their careers
Financial resources. Some people fail to develop their careers because of financial problem. Some careers need a lot of money to develop them. Lack of money may make it difficult to a person to develop his or her career.
Family obligation. Some people fail to develop their careers because of the family matters such as caring a sick person or family responsibilities. All these may affect one’s career development
External motivation. External forces may make difficult to the people to develop their careers. For instance, encouragement and approval from people can affect one’s effort to develop his or her career

QN. 31 Assume you want to be professional in one among the careers that you heard from your friends. Apply the knowledge you have to identify the procedures of choosing career that you wish to concentrate with.

PROCEDURES OF CHOOSING CAREERS

Assess yourself (knowing yourself). Think about where you are, where you want to be in the future and how you will get there.
List careers of your interest. Find information on different careers and work-related activities in your community. Read newspapers, books and magazines, watch television programs and visit social media networks to find new career opportunities
Identify option. Find detailed information about procedures, conditions and another important requirement for each career. For example, if you want to be an engineer find out what skills, education and values an engineer needs to have.
Narrow down your list of career and work-related activities. Chose the best career after assessing all the options. Make sure that the career matches your interests, values, strengths and talents
Be focused. Do not get distracted by other people’s opinions as long as the choice suits your values, strengths and talents. Focusing on the career of your choice increases chances of achieving your dream

QN 32 High standard of life and work are inseparable. In the light of this statement, highlight five points on the importance of work to human development. OR During May day, the president Samia Suluhu Hassan insisted on working for the personal and national development. Explain six importance of work for personal development.

IMPORTANCE OF WORK FOR PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Satisfaction of human needs. Work enables people to satisfy basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter. For example, farmers produce crops for sale to get money for other needs. Doctors, bank managers, teachers, social workers, engineers or lawyers are paid salaries to fulfil for their needs
It builds social identity. People are identified on the basis of what they do. Example one can be identified as a teacher, doctor or peasant.
It promotes culture. The traditions and values of certain people relate to their daily activities. Example, in Tanzania the Maasai and Sukuma are known as livestock keepers and the Makonde as carvers.
It promotes peace and security. If all person in the community works, the number of unemployed decreases and thus social crimes such as drug abuse, theft are reduced.
It helps to maintain one’s health. A person who does work that requires mental or physical effort develop a sense of psychological satisfaction and his or her mind become active.
Works increase individual income. Through works a person will increase their income to facilitate various activities
Works facilitate individual development. Also works contribute to the individual development

QN. 33 Work and development are inseparable. In the light of this statement, highlights the advantages of works to the national development. OR Using six points, briefly defend the notion that work is an engine for national development

IMPORTANCE OF WORK FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

It is a source of national income. Through works, a nation may increase its income by imposing tax to the workers. People do work and earn money to pay tax
It enables the government to provide social services. Work enable people to earn money to pay for social services such as water, education, electricity. People in the public sector working as teachers, doctors and engineers work on behalf of the government in the provision of social services
It reduces crimes. Work reduce crimes and other social crimes like robbery, theft and plundering
It helps the government to earn foreign exchange. This is through goods and services produces and exported outside the country
Works reduce poverty to a nation. Through works, a nation may reduce the rate of poverty among its people.
Works facilitate the development of a nation. A nation employs people to work in different sectors, this may increase the development in a nation
Growth of national economy. Works contribute to the growth of the economy of a nation. The income obtained from work enables a nation to be economically independent and free from external control

TOPIC SIX: FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION

QN. 34 Define the following terms a. Family b. stable family c. Responsibilities

FAMILY is the group of people who are closely related either by blood, marriage or adoption

STABLE FAMILY is the family that maintains peace, love, respect, trust and good morals. The essential demands of the family are also taken care of.

RESPONSIBILITIES are duties, obligations or roles that one has to perform. Each family member has his or her own duties for the benefit of the family.

QN. 35 You as a family member at your home, what five evidences would you use to show the importance of the family in our societies?

IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY

A family is the foundation of trust. Individuals learn to have confidence in themselves as well as in other people through what their families do.
It develops good morals. This is due to the parents and other family relatives like grandparents to teach their children good moral standards
It promotes economic development. Family promotes development of an individual members due to the sharing of required attitudes
Promote peace and security. Family members has to ensure that the whole family is safe and well protected from harm such as abuse and harassment
Promote cooperation in a society. Such task cannot be performed by an individual. For example, a mother does the cooking while the father chops firewood
Family is a foundation of trust. Individual learn to have confidence in themselves as well as in other people through what their families do.
Family strengthens a society. A good family is an example to a whole society. The father, mother and children have to work together to build a family.

QN. 36 Misunderstanding between two people or group of people are inevitable. How would your advice your brother and his wife about the foundation of stable family? Provide six points

ELEMENT OF STABLE FAMILY

Love
Respect
Trust
Transparency
Agreements
Caring
Communicating to each other
Tolerance and understanding

QN. 37 Misunderstanding between two people or group of people are inevitable. How would your advice your brother and his wife who are always in quarrels to have a strong bond in their family? Provide six points

FACTORS FOR STABLE FAMILY

Spending time together. Family members must be working together and develop a sense of belonging to and respect the contribution that everyone makes in the family.
Communicating openly. Family member must be communicating and share their feelings, emotions and ideas without fears of judgements or criticism. Each family member should listen to and understand the concern of others.
Having positive attitude. Family members need to encourage one another, share ideas and ways of achieving the objectives of each member and of the family as a whole.
Following religious teaching. Religious teachings promote a spiritual life. By following religious teaching and practice it will help family members to develop the inner strength they need to cope with difficulties.
Encouraging each other. Each family members should recognise the and appreciate the efforts and contributions of others.
Fulfilling responsibilities. Each family should fulfil his or her responsibilities for the welfare of the whole family.
Copying with stress positively. In ensuring stable family, each family member should be aware that a family may have good and bad times. Each family member must learn how to support and encourage one another during difficulties.
Having a sense of trust and respect. Family members should respect each other, play and laugh together, trust one another and discuss personal and family issues openly.
Showing love and sense of belonging. A stable family should be caring and love each other so as to maintain their blood relationship.

QN. 36 Tanzanians societies experience conflicts and instabilities. In six points, explain the effects of such situation

EFFECTS OF FAMILY CONFLICTS/ INSTABILITY

Separation of families
Increase street children
Increase moral behavior like theft, robbery, prostitution etc
Increase illiteracy
Lack of social services
Increase poverty

QN. 36 By giving six points, explain the consequences that may result due to the failure of parents to fulfil their responsibilities in the families. OR As a civics expert, briefly explain the outcomes of your father failure to fulfill their responsibilities. Six points

CONSEQUENCES OF NOT FULFILLING FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES

Family instability. Family instability may occur because of the family members fail to fulfil their responsibilities of the family.
Conflict in the family. Conflicts may rise because of the frequent misunderstanding among the family members.
Breakdown of the family. This may rise due to the quarrels and frequent misunderstanding
Lack of basic needs. This can occur because of the failure of the family members to take their responsibilities effectively
It may increase street children. This may due to the lack of peace and harmony in the family
Lack of education. This may occur due to family instability and lack of school requirements

TOPIC SEVEN: PROPER BEHAVIOUR AND DECISION MAKING

QN.37 Define the following terms a. Proper behavior b. Improper behavior. c. rational decision-making

PROPER BEHAVIOUR are those actions which are considered to be good and acceptable in a society. Examples of such actions includes honesty, virtue, love, kindness obedience, sympathy, co-operation.

IMPROPER BEHAVIOUR are those actions which are considered negative and not accepted to in the society. Such actions include drug abuse, prostitution, corruption, theft, robbery, alcoholism, laziness etc.

RATIONAL DECISION-MAKING are choices which an individual makes after thinking carefully about available options for solving a particular problem

QN. 38 “The behaviours of the youth in our community always change as the day going on”. This was the statement said by the Minister of youth and development special groups. If you are required to explain root causes of this situation in Tanzania, which five points will you most consider?

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE BEHAVIOUR

Genetic inheritance. Human beings inherit some essential features from their parents. These features may affect how individuals behave
Parental care. Parents who are loving, hardworking, cooperative and caring may influence their children to have proper behavior.
Economic status. Economic hardship is likely to prompt people to engage in illegal acts such as drug abuse, theft, corruption, prostitution and terrorism because of their economic status.
Development of science and technology. The use of modern technological devices may lead people to have good or bad behavior. Access to information through social media network influence the behavior of users.
Ignorance. Some people behave improperly because of the lack of education. Education enable people how to behave properly.
Peer groups. We tend to imitate and comply with the behavior of our friends at home, school or anywhere else. Sometimes owing to peer pressure, we follow their actions without assessing their strength and weaknesses
Religious teaching. Religious teachings influence people to have proper behavior. People are taught to love each other, be tolerant, to endure hardship, to be faithful and forgive and be kind.

QN.39 In many societies in Tanzania, there are the challenges of the youth behaving properly. In five points, identify the importance of proper behavior among the youth in a society. OR In six points, briefly explain why you must behave properly.

IMPORTANCE OF PROPER BEHAVIOUR

Insure peace and harmony among the people. Proper behavior brings peace and harmony in the society since there is respect among the people
Bring unity and cooperation among the people. Proper behavior brings cooperation among the people in the society as people will cooperate in the different and economic activities.
Maintain the practice of human rights. Proper behavior brings the chance to the people in the society to be free to exercise their rights and fulfil their responsibilities
Source of development in a community. Proper behave contributes in bringing the development and prosperity in the society through working hard
Reduces crimes. Proper behaviours reduce the rate of occurring of the social crimes such as theft, robbery, prostitution

QN. 40 Many youths today are engaging in smocking and practicing other social crimes as their way of life”. In the light of this statement, assess five root causes of improper behavior among the youth in Tanzania. OR Suppose you are the discipline master/mistress in your school and a recent report by education quality control office indicated a dreadful situation of student’s discipline. In six points analyse the root causes of student’s indiscipline

CAUSES OF IMPROPER BEHAVIOUR

Heredity from the family. Some of the youth behave improperly because they inherit genetic features from their parents, or even adopting bad behavior within the family
Lack of parental care. Some parents do not spend more time to teach their children good morals
Poverty from the family. Economic hardship among the youth may force them to engage in illegal activities like stealing
Influence of globalization. The development of science and technology make the youth to behave improperly because the use of modern technological devices such as smart phone lead them to practice bad morals they got from such devices
Lack of religious teachings. Religious teaching influence people to behave properly. Lack of religious teaching among the youth may lead them to engage in illegal activities
A discipline master/mistress in your school has recently reported an increase in disciplinary cases due to student’s misbehavior. In six points, explain the effects of improper behaviour among students.

QN. 41 A discipline master/mistress in your school has recently reported an increase in disciplinary cases due to student’s misbehavior. In six points, explain the effects of improper behaviour among students. OR A discipline master of Busia secondary school has reported an increase of the disciplinary cases in the school due to the students’ misbehaviour. In the light of this statement, give five impacts of improper behavior among the youth in a society

IMPACTS/ EFFECTS/ CONSEQUENCES OF IMPROPER BEHAVIOUR

Increase of social crimes. They may lead the people to engage in illegal acts such as drug abuse, robbery, stealing homosexuality etc
Decrease economic development. Those who have improper behavior may not be engaged in productive activities which raise the economy of a community.
Family conflicts may rise. Improper behavior may lead to the family conflicts and in the community at large due to the frequent occurrence of disciplinary cases in the community.
Causing health problems. Some of the improper behavior such as alcoholism, prostitution may lead to the spread of diseases which lead harm individual health
Can cause death. Those who have improper behavior may die early due to engaging in risky acts such as robbery, theft, drug abuse, prostitution and many others.
Causing low efficiency and performance. Improper behavior decreases personal efficiency. People who are lazy, harsh and angry may not be efficient in their work.

QN. 42 In a parent meeting at Mtaenda secondary school there were concerns about undesirable behaviour among students. In six points, briefly explain ways to control such problem. OR You have been appointed to tell the youth on how to avoid engaging themselves in immoral behavior, propose six factors to be undertaken into consideration to control and correct the misbehaviour of the youth in a society OR You have been living with friends who want you to engage in improper behaviour. In five points suggest ways that you can use to manage the pressure they are putting on you.

AVOIDING IMPROPER BEHAVIOUR

Starting healthy friendship with peers who have good behavior. This will help the youth to learn good behavior from them
Being hardworking. Hardworking enables people to live happily. Working hard reduces dependence, theft and corruption.
Seeking guidance and counselling. When you are facing challenges or problems which are beyond your control seek for guidance and counselling. One would find alternative ways of solving or copying with difficult
Emphasizing good parental care. Parents and guardians should strictly involve themselves in giving discipline to their children because parents and other people are the first teachers who teach good values
Increase the provision of religious teachings. Religious teaching should be well promoting to the young people, starting at their early childhood. Following religious teachings promote our spiritual well-being and encourage good manners.
Self-discipline. Self-discipline will help you choose information which is appropriate and which exposes you to positive thinking so as to develop necessary knowledge and skills.

QN. 43 Many of us tend not to take care on the making good decisions. If you are required to educate the community on the importance of responsible decision making, which five points will you consider?

IMPORTANCE OF RATIONAL DECISION-MAKING

Helps to build commitment. Rational decision-making helps to build a sense of commitment and cooperation among society members who are making decisions
Proper utilization of resources. It facilitates proper utilization of the available resources like time, people, capital and land
Helps to create peace and harmony. Rational decision-making promotes peace and harmony because it helps to prevent conflicts that could happen as a result of making irrational decisions.
Promote individual development. Rational decision-making promotes personal development as it enables one to solve problem using alternative way which produce positive outcomes
Helps to reduce mistakes. Rational decision making reduces the number of mistakes which might lead to more problems. For example, a student’s decision to abstain from alcohol and drugs improves one’s health.
Help to develop confidence and happiness. People who make rational decisions are always happy and confident
Promote democracy. This is because everyone participates in decision making.

QN. 44 Your village government is experiencing the difficulties in making proper decisions concerning various development issues in the village. How would you help the village government to improve decisions making process? Give five points

WAYS OF AVOIDING MAKING IRRATIONAL DECISIONS

Seek relevant information. Our decisions are sometimes influenced by information that we receive from other people. Avoid taking any action based on hearsay, rather than seek adequate information about the issue before making any decision.
Avoid making common mistakes. That may affect your ability to make rational decisions. Such mistakes may include not having enough time or information and paying little attention to reflect on a particular issue
Learn from previous mistakes. In order to make rational decisions, one needs to look at past mistakes and find new strategies for solving the problems at hand
Do self–assessment. Be confident and stable and do not allow emotions and feelings to influence your decisions
Observe time. Do not make decisions when you are tired or when you are not feeling well. Take a rest and refresh your mind. As you take a rest, think critically about the issue
Predict outcomes. Foresee the possible outcome of any decision you want to make. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each alternative in order to choose the right one.

TOPIC EIGHT: ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION

QN. 45 Define the following terms. a. Road safety education b. Road signs D. Road accident

ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION refers to the general knowledge, skills and values provided to people to enable them use road safely.

ROAD SIGNS are symbols designed to provide information or instruction to the road users and tell the road users on how to use the road properly.

ROAD ACCIDENT are the sudden and unpleasant events that occur on the road. Road accidents may involve car crashes, falling of the vehicles, lead burning of the vehicles and even knocking down pedestrian or cyclists

QN. 46 Suppose you have been appointed by the Regional Traffic Officer (RTO) of Tanga region to explain why road safety education should be provided to all students at all levels. Which your five key points you consider?

IMPORTANCE OF ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION

Reduces roads accident. Road safety education minimize road accidents to the road users who travel from one place to another
It reduces the death among the road users. The death which are resulted from road accidents will be reduced due to the securing road safety education
It increases awareness to the road users. This will make the road users to be carefully on the road which will help them to avoid road accidents
It prevents the damage of the property. Those damaged properties which are resulted from the road accidents will be rescued
It reduces the cost in repairing properties and treating injured people. The cost of repairing damaged properties such as vehicles, motor circles and treating the injured people will be reduced

QN. 47 Many roads in Tanzania are constructed with road signs, but the problem remains to the road users who are not obeying them. As Road Safety Ambassador in Tanzania, use five points to educated the road users on the significance of obeying these signs.

IMPORTANCE OF OBEYING ROAD SIGNS

Road signs reduce traffic congestion/jam. Traffic jams occurs frequently especially where roads are crossed
They help to minimize road accidents. They help to minimize the road accidents among the road users.
They provide the direction to the road users. They provide the information and instructions to the road users on what to do. This will make the road users aware of what is ahead
They provide equal rights on the roads. They provide equal right to road users and equal access of using the road. Example the pedestrians and cattle when crossing the road
They are used to in place of traffic police officer. They reduce the burden of using many traffic polices to guide and control the vehicles especially in the unnecessary areas

QN. 48 Many road users are required to obey and follow the traffic signs in order to improve the road safety in a community. Highlights five consequences of failure of road users to obey road signs in Tanzania

IMPACTS OF FAILURE TO OBAY ROAD SGNS

Occurrence of road accidents. It may cause road accidents which cause the death and injuring to the people
Traffic congestion. They will be unnecessary traffic jams, especially where roads intersect
There may be the absence of equal rights to the road users. They won’t be equal rights to road users, example pedestrians may lack their rights
Damage of the property. This may occur due to the road accidents
Increase of cost to repairing damaged properties and treating injured people. The government and people will have to spend too much money to treat the victims or cost in repairing the damaged properties

QN. 49 The police traffic reports have given us a picture of the problem of road accidents in Tanzania. Suppose you are the road safety ambassador in Tanzania, assess five factors which lead to the increase of this problem in Tanzania OR To a great extent, road accidents in Tanzania are manmade. Justify this statement by giving six points.

CAUSES OF ROAD ACCIDENTS

MAN MADE CAUSES

Failure to obey traffic signs. Some of the road users are ignorant in interpreting the road signs. The lack of awareness of road users about road safety and traffic discipline can result to the occurrence of road accidents.
Reckless and inappropriate driving. Some drivers are careless when driving the vehicles. They driving without caring other road users
Excessive speed on the road. High speed being the main factor because since fast-moving the vehicles are sometime uncontrolled.
Alcoholism to the drivers. Some drivers are driving the vehicles while they have drunk alcohol. Driving while drunk will always result in loss of control by drivers which may result accident.
Overloading of passengers and luggage. Overloading of passengers and luggage may lead to road accidents because it can cause poor function of the vehicles hence accident.
Overconfidence of some drivers. Some drivers are seemed to be courage of driving with overconfidence. This may lead to taking risks while driving and ultimately accident occur
Corruption practices in ensuring the driving licenses. Some drivers are driving the vehicles while they didn’t qualify. They were given the licenses without proper qualification on road safety.

NON-MAN-MADE CAUSES

Weather condition. Bad weather condition heavy rainfall may lead to the road accident especially in the roads that are not tarmac. If the weather is not conducive may lead to road accidents.
Poor quality of the road. Many roads especially in developing countries like Tanzania are narrow, rough and full of potholes which make driving very difficult and unsafe.
Defective/technical errors of the vehicles. Some vehicles may get technical errors while they are in motion like bursting of tires, brake failure and worn out vehicles. All these may lead to the road accidents.
Absence of road traffic signs. The absence of road signs especially in the dangerous areas may lead to the road accidents

QN.50 Consider yourself as an officer from Ministry for Home Affairs, explain to the community five factors that signify the impacts of road accidents in Tanzania.

EFFECTS/ IMPACTS OF ROAD ACCIDENTS

May lead to permanent disabilities. Road accidents may result to the permanent disabilities to those victims of road accidents
Occurrence of death. May lead to the loss of life and severe injuries to the people who got accidents
Destruction of properties. Due to the road accidents may lead to the damage of properties such as vehicles, motorcycles and bicycle
Reduction of productive workers. Loss of productive workers in both public and private sectors due to the death resulted from road accidents
Increase the number of orphans. This happen especially when parents are involved in an accident that cause death
Increase of cost to treat the injured people. Large amount of money is spent to treat the victims of accident and repairing or replacing the damaged vehicles and other properties.

QN. 51 A recent report in one of the newspapers indicated the dreadful situation of the road safety in Tanzania. Suppose you are the Minister for Home Affairs, propose five key measures to improve road safety in the country OR It is still believed that road accidents are inevitable. Argue against that statements (six point)

MEASURES TO PREVENT ROAD ACCIDENT

Provision of public education on road safety. All road users should be aware of traffic rules and use them accordingly
Provision of heavy punishment to those who violate the rules of the road. Heavy punishment must be provided to those drivers and other road users who violate the rule and laws of the road like introduction of positive fines
Prohibition the use of defective vehicles. Defective vehicles must be prohibited on the road to carry the passengers and luggage
Maintenance of roads. Roads must be well maintained properly, especially earth roads and gravel roads which will provide smooth running of vehicles.
Regular check-up of the vehicles must be conducted properly. The traffic polices must conduct the regular check- up of the vehicles, especially the public services vehicles such as regional buses
Prohibiting the use of phone when driving. Drivers and other road user should stop using phones while moving or driving

QN. 52 The report from the police traffic commissioner in Tanzania indicated that, the magnitude of road accidents in the country have been decreased a lot. In the light of this statement, assess five measures which are taken by the government of Tanzania which show the success to the reduction of the road accident in the country

MEASURES TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT TO REDUCE ROAD ACCIDENTS

It established speed limits and control system of the vehicles. This is through installing Vehicles Tracking System (VTS). This device was installed to all public vehicles (regional passengers’ buses) to control and limit the speed of the buses. Currently, all passengers’ buses are required to travel with only 80 speeds to the non-residential areas and 50 speeds to the residential areas.
Frequent check-up and inspections of the vehicles. This is conducted and supervised by the traffic polices in many buses’ terminals in every region. The defective buses are not allowed to continue with the journey Proper maintenance of the roads. The government through Tanzania Road Agency (TANROADS) and Tanzania rural and urban road agency (TARURA) succeeded to maintain many road networks in every parts of the country. Also, most of the roads which are link one region and another are tarmac.
Provision of punishment and penalties to the reckless drivers and some vehicle owners. There is the infliction of positive fines to be paid within seven days against the faults committed on the roads
Provision of public education about road safety which is conducted by the traffic polices especially in the bus’s terminal before the departure of the buses. The passengers usually are required to report to a police station when there is a violation of rules and regulation of the road done by the drivers
Provision of driving licenses is issued to the qualified drivers only who underwent the driving courses in the training institutions such VETA and NIT