Chapter 3: Land Surveying – Geography Form Five New

Meaning of land Survey

Land surveying is the science of measuring and recording distances, angles and height on earth’s surface to obtain data which could be used for preparation of maps and plans. Surveying is conducted every day particularly in construction activities.

History of Survey in Africa

Earliest records from Africa show that survey was used to re define property boundaries buried under silt of Nile flooded areas in the ancient Egypt. This implies that survey has long history in African continent.

Branches of Survey

Main branches of survey are two namely geodetic survey and plane survey though there are other minor branches of survey such as cadastral survey, topographical survey, engineering survey etc. Note that minor branches of survey can either be geodetic survey or plane survey.

a) Geodetic survey

Branch of survey which deals with large area hence considers earth’s curvature. Geodetic survey considers the earth’s surface is round. This branch of survey is so expensive to practice. Also, it requires equipment which are more accurate.

b) Plane Survey

Branch of survey dealing with small area of the earth’s surface hence considering the earth is flat. It is cheap compared to geodetic survey. Techniques such as chain survey, plane table survey, prismatic compass survey and leveling fall into this branch.

c) Engineering survey

Branch of survey which deals with construction activities of different kinds. Construction of roads, dams, pipe lines and urban planning are examples of activities depends on engineering survey.

d) Cadastral survey

Branch of survey deals with setting administrative boundaries. In some parts cadastral survey involve topographical survey when natural features such mountains, rivers, or hills are used as a part of boundary.

e) Topographical survey

Branch of survey dealing with manmade and natural features on earth’s surface. It is commonly used to produce topographical maps. Types of Topographical maps are: Chain survey; Plane table survey and Prismatic compass survey.

Chapter 3: Land Surveying – Geography Form Five New