Chapter Six: Reading Texts for Comprehension – English Form One

Chapter Six: Reading Texts for Comprehension – English Form One

Introduction

Reading is an important skill as it enables individuals to develop problem-solving skills and the vocabulary needed for different communicative purposes. In this chapter, you will learn to create the order of events in a story. Next, you will learn to summarise stories using different methods. Lastly, you will retell the stories. The competencies developed will enable you to comprehend written texts and acquire more vocabulary, hence enabling you to communicate effectively.

Think About

Something interesting you have read recently. Share your thoughts with the class.

Activity 1: Sequencing Events

The Story of Aika
The Story of Aika

Aika had one big problem. She loved sleeping more than anything else. Hence, she always arrived late at school. Every morning, her mother would wake her up, but Aika would go back to sleep; Aika’s mother tried everything, but nothing worked. So, that was her life for sometime.

Firstly, her mornings would start in chaos as she would rush to get dressed and have a quick breakfast. She would get out of the house and find herself running like a cheetah through the streets to make it to school on time. On the way, she would collide with other people and cause mayhem. Moreover, she would sometimes step into Machinga’s goods as she ran. This behaviour caused a lot of problems for her.

Next, her teachers and classmates would be astonished as she burst into the classroom, panting and untidy. Her English teacher, Ms Mpingo, would raise an eyebrow and say, “Aika, it is nice of you to join us… again.” Ms Mpingo knew Aika needed to learn the importance of punctuality. So, together with Aika’s classmates, they appointed Aika class monitor.

Finally, Aika’s unpunctuality became a thing of the past. She discovered that being punctual not only reduced her stress levels but it also allowed her to be more attentive in class and build better relationships with her classmates.

Questions:

  1. What was Aika’s biggest problem?
  2. Why was that a problem?
  3. Who helped Aika overcome the problem and how?
  4. What do you learn from this story?
  5. Study the words in boldface. Discuss why they have been used in the text and explain their contribution to your understanding of the story.

Sequential Words

Sequential words help create a chronological order of events or ideas in a story. They guide readers through a smooth and logical flow of events.

Sequential Word Usage Example
First/Firstly First, she woke up early to get ready for her big adventure.
Next Next, she set out on her journey with a sense of excitement.
Then She thanked the stranger and then continued on her way home.
Afterwards Afterwards, she encountered a friendly stranger who offered to help.
Finally Finally, she reached her destination.
Therefore Therefore, she felt a great sense of accomplishment and joy.

Exercise: Complete the Story

Complete the following passage using the words: afterwards, later, before, then, next

______ starting the day’s journey, the hikers gathered their gear and checked their maps for the trail ahead. ______, they set off on the trail, enjoying the breathtaking view of Mount Kilimanjaro. ______, they met a sharp hill, which challenged their stamina. ______, as the sun began to set, they found a good spot to rest and share stories around a campfire. ______, they laid out their sleeping bags under the night sky, looking forward to the adventures that awaited them on the next day.

Activity 2: Summarising Stories

Methods of Summarising Stories

5Ws and 1H Method

Answer these key questions about the story:

  • Who – Who are the main characters?
  • What – What happened in the story?
  • When – When did the story take place?
  • Where – Where did the story happen?
  • Why – Why did the events occur?
  • How – How did the story end?
First, Then, Finally Method

Organize the main events in chronological order:

  • First – What happened at the beginning?
  • Then – What happened in the middle?
  • Finally – How did it end?
SWBST Method (Somebody Wanted But So Then)

Break down the story structure:

  • Somebody – Who is the main character?
  • Wanted – What did they want?
  • But – What was the problem?
  • So – How did they try to solve it?
  • Then – What was the resolution?

The Sacrifice

Over a hundred years ago, in Northern Nigeria, there lived a fierce chief called Apa. He was the chief of the Jukuns, a brave and warlike tribe, and they waged war on the peace-loving Igala people. At that time, the Igala people were ruled by a very beautiful queen, whose name was Ebule-Jonu. She was a good and just ruler. All her people loved her very much.

The situation became more and more serious, and the fighting grew fiercer and fiercer. Every evening, the women of Igala wept, as their husbands, sons, and lovers returned from the battle exhausted and wounded, or when some did not return at all. Many plans were made, but they brought no success. Ebule-Jonu became very worried.

After consulting a soothsayer, they received devastating news: victory over the Jukuns could only be achieved if they sacrificed their queen by burying her alive. The councilors were saddened by the news so were the rest of the people. After the councilors had broken the news to the queen, she did not object. She freely accepted to be offered as a sacrifice to reverse their fate and ensure victory to her people.

She set off to Idah, the market square, where she was buried alive. After three days the Igala people defeated the Jukuns and restored peace and their land.

Main Characters:

Chief Apa
Queen Ebule-Jonu
The Soothsayer
The Igala People
The Jukuns
Comprehension Questions:
  1. Who are the main characters in the story?
  2. What is the story about?
  3. Where did the story take place?
  4. When did the story happen?
  5. Why did the conflict happen in the story?
  6. How did the conflict in the story get resolved?

Task: Summarise the story “The Sacrifice” using the SWBST method.

Activity 3: Retelling Stories

Techniques for Successful Story Retelling

Identify and put the main events in order. This involves knowing the flow of events (plot).
Use the “first, next, then, last” formula to organize the story structure.
Map the story before retelling it by visualising it or understanding its key elements (characters, setting, plot, conflict, and resolution).
Focus on the plot structure (exposition, rising action, climax, falling action or resolution).
Practise retelling the story in a pair or group. Listen to each other’s story, encourage one another and learn from others.
Retelling Practice
Illustration: Kalulu the Hare

Task: Read the story about “Kalulu the Hare” and retell it to the class using the retelling techniques you have learned.

Retelling Checklist:
  1. What was the story retold by your partner about?
  2. How did the story start?
  3. Who is the main character in the story?
  4. Who are the other characters found in the story?
  5. When did the story happen?
  6. What is the main idea in the story?
  7. Is the story interesting? Why?
  8. What lesson do you learn from the story?

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