SECTION 5
Lawino condemns the hair straightening and the wearing of wings and the use of hand kerchief. She sees that there is no need of copying the European’s style/fashions because what is good for European is not necessarily good for the African’s style and adornments of their body and the way they attract young men.
SECTION 6
Lawino confuses her ignorance of how to eat with fork and spoons. She despises the tasteless of tines and frozen food she also describe how nicely her mother house is organized.
SECTION 7
Lawino compares the western ways of telling time by animal means counting seconds, minutes and hours by clock with the traditional ways of observing nature or by node of human being. She makes fun of Ocol for becoming a slave of time the extent of being unhappy and restless and blames him for treating his children and relative with good dis-respect for the slave or observing time.
SECTION 8
Lawino expresses her attitude towards Christianity and those who preach and love it. She blames the preachers of the Christianity for maltreating their converts. She shows that the missionaries were wrong in their ways of morality and naming individual. She blames the preachers for preaching good things but opposing it’s better to join with her poor people in the area where meaningful and relevant song and cultural activities are performed.
SECTION 9
It is a continuation of criticism related against the preachers and Christianity doctrines. She criticizes the preachers for failing to answer the questions concerning Christianity; she questions Christians for creating virgin birth and uncharted.
SECTION 10
Lawino tells how Ocol despises the traditional medicines hygienic food and children upbringing. She believes that like European’s medicines, some Acoli’s medicines work and some do not. She compares on beliefs in traditional spirit and charm to Ocol’s beliefs in rosaries and power of prayer.
SECTION 11
Lawino attacks the local leaders of the two rival parties i.e. her husband Ocol and his brother. These leaders talk about independence, unity and peace only to bring more conflicts and disunity even within the family. She also attacks those leaders who engage in political conflicts and forgetting the sufferings of the people under poverty, ignorance and disease.
SECTION 12
Expresses the irrelevance and effects of western education. She asks Ocol what is the use for the books, if the knowledge in cannot help to create a better society. According to her (Lawino) the books have killed him as a non western he belongs either to European culture or to African culture.
SECTION 13
Lawino advices Ocol on how to regain both her and also his manhood. According to Lawino, Ocol can do that by throwing away all the symbol of hypocrisy, begging forgiveness of the elders, obtaining traditional scarifies and using traditional scarifies and medicine.
CHARACTERIZATION
LAWINO
An African woman who lacks formal education (not educated)
She is Ocol’s wife
She is not converted to Christianity
She is a strong upholder of African ways of life whether good or bad
She despises all the new ways of life whether good or bad being followed by her husband.
She is a responsible mother as she loves and cares of her children
She is a little jealous to Clementine who followed in love to Ocol (her husband)
She does not regret to be an African woman
She believes on the ancestors in eradicating the disease by scarifying, equally important they can cause some troubles.
She despises the behavior of her husband who behave like Europeans like timing, dancing.
She is a conservative woman who does not believe in any change.
She represents other African woman who believes on African ways of life and neglecting European styles.
OCOL
He is Lawino’s husband.
He is the son of chief
He follows in love to Clementine who attracts him because of her Westernized fashions)
An African man who has got Western education to the level of University degree.
He imitates the Whiteman in everything and proud of being an upholder of Western civilizations.
He despises al African traditional ways of life whether good or bad.
He also despises his wife (Lawino, his relatives and all black people that they are primitive.
He is a little beat arrogant because he abuses Lawino in English since Lawino knows nothing about English.
He is always restless, unhappy as well as unsecured because of his tendency of observing time.
He is a hypocrite political leader (DP leader) who preaches unity and at the same time he is in conflict with his brother who belongs to another political party (UPC).
Like any other educated African male, he represents Africans who do not cooperate with their families and relatives after getting formal education particularly western kind of education.
CLEMENTINE
She is ocol’s girlfriend and a rival to Lawino
She despises all African’s ways of life.
She is a Westernized girl, because she follows all European fashions
She uses artificial like cosmetics in beatifying her self
She wears tight and slim clothes
She always attending dances during the night
She does not eat too much, because African women are the ones who eat too much.
She is arrogant because she despises Lawino in English
She is Lawino’s rival because she follows in love to her husband Ocol.
She represents any other African women who imitate differently after gaining formal education
THEMES
The following are the themes found from Songs of Lawino and Ocol.
AFRICAN TRADITION
The poet portrays African beliefs like:
Making sacrifices to the ancestors as the way of eradicating diseases.
Believing on the power of ancestors, spirits and gods.
They also believe that priests and diviners can tell the cause of disease.
They believe that whenever a child gets ill, some witch is behind the problem like a shadow can capture the child’s shadow for evil purposes.
They believe in the power of human curse by the father and mother to the child. Also names given to their children have meanings.
It is serious taboo for a woman to refuse to have sexual intercourse with her husband when ready to have a child. Similarly, a woman is not allowed to have sexual intercourse when the baby is still young.
PROTEST
Protest means to go against (to be in opposition0 ideas, statements or directions. In this poem, Lawino protests against,
Foreign ways, she also protests against Ocol’s ideas, practices, and altitudes of despising and not sharing with his fellow Africans including his own mother.
She protests against Clementine’s behavior and practices of adopting European’s fashion like using cosmetics, wearing slim and tight clothes, straightening her hair, wearing wigs and false breasts.
She protests against Christian preachers who are hypocrisy because they use religion to exploit and oppress their converts, they drink alcohol and seduce girls worse still they don’t allow questions in churches.
She protests against European songs and dances which are meaningless because dancers dances in darkness while drunk, with improper clothes, smoking cigarettes.
She protests against European medicines and hygiene where she prefers African traditional ways of medicines.
She protests against Western education because it leads to alienation of people’s mind taking an example to his husband Ocol who has alienated from African culture.
- CONFLICT
Conflict refers to the misunderstanding or opposition between two sides. Normally a conflict arises when different groups have conflicting ideas, beliefs, purposes, opinions interests and values which need quick solution.
From the book the poets have disclosed the following conflicts;
A conflict between African culture and European culture. This is has existed as a result of two cultures which ultimately lead into conflicts in the society like; traditional religion vs Christianity, traditional dances vs foreign dances, traditional medicine vs modern medicine, traditional food vs European food and African ways of telling time vs European/modern ways of telling time.
Personal conflict. Under this type of conflict, the poet portrays that there is misunderstanding between people as listed here below;
Ocol vs Lawino: Ocol despises his wife Lawino, her relatives by regarding them un educated, he also considers them primitive, pagan and superstitious. In response to Ocol’s insult, Lawino regards European culture has killed Ocol’s manhood, she blames and accuses on the behavior of her husband to be attached to western civilization.
Ocol vs his relatives: Ocol despises his relatives and look down, he considers them as dirty, pagan, and primitive he fails to welcome at his home place including his own mother fearing that they would endanger him. (they are bad people to him)
Lawino vs Clementine: Clementine follows in love to Ocol. Worse still, she is arrogant because she insults and despises Lawino in English. On the other hand Lawino despises Clementine for her behavior of imitating western fashion like wearing tight clothes, slimming and using of cosmetics which are not the proper way an African woman should emulate.
Political conflict: Politicians who lead political parties preaches differently from their actual daily performance. Good example is Ocol and his brother who lead DP and UPC political parties as they call upon the society to unite and maintain peace while themselves are in disagreement for they compete for money, and suspect one another. This is seen when Ocol hires a man to kill his brother, on the other hand, Ocol’s brother has smuggled a pistol against Ocol.
- HYPOCRISY
Hypocrisy refers to the act of making oneself to falsely appear to be virtuous or good (better). Lawino attacks hypocrite politicians who preach independence, unity and peace, but they bring conflict and disunity even within the family. Such leaders are not interested in the welfare of the people, but in position and money. As they focus in political conflicts, societies suffer under ignorance, poverty and diseases.
- BTRAYAL
Betrayal is the act of going against moral understanding or agreement made between each other. The tendency of betrayal of any kind in a society causes disunity, humiliation, oppression as well as alienation among members of the society. The poet shows that Ocol betrays his relatives by insulting and despises his wife and her relatives as he regards them primitive, pagan and superstious. Also Ocol betrays his wife by following in love with Clementine as a result conflict arises among the couples. Ocol fails to use his acquired education to liberate his society from ignorance, poverty and disease instead he alienates himself from them.
- POSITION OF WOMEN IN THE SOCIETY
Role of the women refers to the social responsibility or obligations of people with female gender in the society. Similarly, their position is the social status accorded to them by the society. The poet portrays a woman differently as listed here below;
Woman as an oppressed, humiliated, alienated, exploited person in her society. This is evidenced on the way Lawino is maltreated by her husband because she is uneducated, uncivilized as well as unchanging woman.
Woman as a mother as well as a responsible person in the society. This is because Lawino cares her children by ensuring that they get meal and her family too.
Woman as an upholder of African traditional ways of life by fighting against western culture which add nothing to the societal development.
Woman as a tool for refreshing men. The poet portrays this by showing Clementine who is attached in love to Ocol despite being Lawino’s husband.
Woman is less regarded in acquiring education unlike men. The society deprives them from getting education that may result to development of their rights. The poet portrays this by showing how Lawino lacks education.
WESTERN CULTURE: Europeans used religion and education to destruct African culture. This is because western culture brought disunity among Africans, Christian’s vs non-Christians, educated vs. non-educated. In this case Europeans brought different problems to Africans in terms of social and political outlooks.
CONCLUSION
Songs of Lawino and Ocol reflect African ways of life because what the poet has disclosed in the book real fit to daily life starting with conflict among the people, husbands and wife to betray one another, despising of women and hypocrite leaders especially politicians who favor for their self-interests without considering whether others are starving.
GUIDING QUESTIONS
What is the poem about?
Ans: The poem is about the sons of the land who have risen up singing the beauty of the sunrise. They are challenging the enemy waiting for a victory at sunset.
For whom does the poem tell us that the sun has risen?
Ans: The oppressed ones (The sons of the land i.e. peasants or workers who should rise up against oppression, humiliation, exploitation, discrimination).
The poet talks about "challenging the enemy". Who do you think the enemy might be?
Ans: The enemies might be oppressors, humiliators, exploiters, imperialists, etc
(i) What event do you think the "sunrise" probably symbolizes?
Ans: The sunrise symbolizes the beginning of the struggle against evil in the society or the period of rain.
(ii) what event do you think the "sunset" probably symbolizes?
Ans: The sunset symbolizes the end of oppression , struggle, and a period of harvest.
With the determination of "long-term warriors", what do you think these words "long term" tells us about the poet's view of the struggle?
Ans: The word "long –term" means in the distant future. The word implies that the struggle will take a long time.
There is one line that does not have normal word order. Which line is it and why is it so?
Ans: Line 4 – "Forward the go". Its function is to stress the word "forward" to encourage people to continue with the struggle.
The poem contains two major images. What are they?
Ans: Sunrise and sunset
Sunrise – symbolizes the beginning of the struggle (rainfall)
Sunset – symbolizes the end of struggle or freedom time or the era of harvest
What is the theme of the poem?
Ans: The poem talks about evils of colonialism/imperialism or an oppressive ruling class i.e. exploitation, oppression, humiliation, of the lower classes by the powerful class,
What type of poem is this?
Ans: It is sonnet because it has fourteen verses with free verse.