TOPIC 4: MULTIMEDIA – COMPUTER NOTES FORM FOUR

Today multimedia might be defined as the seamless digital integration of text, graphics, animation, audio, still images and motion video in a way that provides individual users with high levels of control and interaction.

• Visionaries: From the ingenious idea of the programmable computer, trace the innovations of the outstanding thinkers that had a direct impact on the explosion of the technological age.
• Text, Processing and Software: Inventions and innovations that spawned the development of software enabling computers to move from mathematical processing to technology that creates and delivers multi media.
• Computers: From the printing press through the exclusive military and academic and corporate worlds trace computer development into the ubiquitous role of the desktop personal computer of today.
• Audio & Communication: From the telegraph signal to cellular telephones, follow the development from signal transmission to digital transmission of voice
• Video & Animation: From manually manipulated negative film and hand drawn sketches, video and animation develops to sophisticated digital creation and rendering of motion

• Multimedia means that computer information can be represented through audio, video, and animation in addition to traditional media Or
• Multimedia is the field concerned with the computer-controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images (Video), animation, audio, and any other media where every type of information can be represented, stored, transmitted and processed digitally.

These are visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, screen, paper, or stone to inform, illustrate, or entertain. In contemporary usage it includes:

• A pictorial representation of data, as in computer-aided design and manufacture,
• In typesetting and the graphic arts, and in educational and recreational software.

• The number of distinct colors that can be represented by a piece of hardware or software. Color depth is sometimes referred to as bit depth because it is directly related to the number of bits used for each pixel. A 24-bit video adapter, for example, has a color depth of 2 to the 24th power (about 16.7 million) colors. One would say that its color depth is 24 bits.
• Also known as bit depth, is either the number of bits used to indicate the color of a single pixel, in a bitmapped image or video frame buffer, or the number of bits used for each color component of a single pixel. For consumer video standards, such as High Efficiency Video Coding (H.265), the bit depth specifies the number of bits used for each color component

• The width and height of a bitmapped image, measured in pixels.
• The size of a graphics file, measured in bytes.

Microphone volume is controlled by the Windows Sounds and Audio Devices applet’s mixer control. Open the Recording tab to adjust volume, to mute or unmute the microphone, or to adjust microphone boost.

CPU Central Processing Unit (CPU) is an essential part in any computer. It is considered as the brain of computer, where processing and synchronization of all activities takes place. The efficiency of a computer is judged by the speed of the CPU in processing of data. For a multimedia computer a Pentium processor is preferred because of higher efficiency.

Monitor The monitor is used to see the computer output. Generally, it displays 25 rows and 80 columns of text. The text or graphics in a monitor is created as a result of an arrangement of tiny dots, called pixels. Resolution is the amount of details the monitor can render. Resolution is defined in terms of horizontal and vertical pixel (picture elements) displayed on the screen.

Video Grabbing Card We need to convert the analog video signal to digital signal for processing in a computer. Normal computer will not be able to do it alone. It requires special equipment called video grabbing card and software to this conversion process. This card translates the analog signal it receives from conventional sources such as a VCR or a video camera, and converts them into digital format.

Sound Card Today’s computers are capable of creating the professional multimedia needs. Not only you can use computer to compose your own music, but it can also be used for recognition of speech and synthesis. It can even read back the entire document for you. But before all this happens, we need to convert the conventional sound signal to computer understandable digital signals. This is done using a special component added to the system called sound card.

CD-Rom CD-ROM is a magnetic disk of 4.7 inches diameter and it can contain data up to 680 Megabytes. It has become a standard by itself basically for its massive storage capacity, faster data transfer rate. To access CD-ROM a very special d1rive is required and it is known as CD-ROM drive.

Adobe CS4 Adobe CS4 is a collection of graphic design, video editing, and web development applications made by Adobe Systems many of which are the industry standard that includes

Adobe Dreamweaver Although a hybrid WYSIWYG and code-based web design and development application, Dreamweaver’s WYSIWYG mode can hide the HTML code details of pages from the user, making it possible for non-coders to create web pages and sites.WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) web development software that allows users to create websites with out using Html, everything can be done visually.

Adobe Fireworks A graphics package that allows users to create bitmap and vector graphics editor with features such as: slices, the ability to add hotspots etc.) for rapidly creating website prototypes and application interfaces.

Gimp Is an alternative to Photoshop and cheaper but not quite as good.

Google Sketchup SketchUp is a 3D modeling program designed for architects, civil engineers, filmmakers, game developers, and related professions.

Microsoft Frontpage As a WYSIWYG editor, FrontPage is designed to hide the details of pages’ HTML code from the user, making it possible for novices to easily create web pages and sites.

Apple Quicktime QuickTime is an extensible proprietary multimedia framework developed by Apple, capable of handling various formats of digital video, 3D models, sound, text, animation, music, panoramic images, and interactivity.

Photoshop Pro Adobe Photoshop, or simply Photoshop, is a graphics editing programdeveloped and published by Adobe Systems. It is the current market leader for commercial bitmap and image manipulation software, and is the flagship product of Adobe Systems. It has been described as “an industry standard for graphics professionals”

Microsoft Powerpoint Powerpoint Presentations are generally made up of slides may contain text, graphics, movies, and other objects, which may be arranged freely on the slide.

Adobe Flash Player Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash) is a multimedia platform that is popular for adding animation and interactivity to web pages. Originally acquired by Macromedia, Flash was introduced in 1996, and is currently developed and distributed by Adobe Systems.Flash is commonly used to create animation, advertisements, and various web page Flash components, to integrate video into web pages, and more recently, to develop rich Internet applications.

Adobe Shockwave Adobe Shockwave (formerly Macromedia Shockwave) is a multimedia player program, first developed by Macromedia, acquired by Adobe Systems in 2005. It allows Adobe Director applications to be published on the Internet and viewed in a web browser on any computer which has the Shockwave plug-in installed.

• Print advertising
• Radio (audio) advertising
• Television (video) advertising
• Digital advertising Display Ads Remarketing Video Social Search
• Display Ads
• Remarketing
• Video
• Social
• Search
• Mobile advertising

In the area of education too, the multimedia has a great importance. Talking particularly about the schools, their usage has a significant role to play for children also. It is broadly used in the field of education and training. We used audio for imparting education even in traditional method, where charts, models etc. were used.

Nowadays the classroom need is not limited to that traditional method rather it needs audio and visual media. With the use of multimedia everything can be integrated into one system. As an education aid the PC contains a high-quality display with mic option. This all has promoted the development of a wide range of computer-based training.

One of the most exciting applications of multimedia is games. Nowadays the live internet is used to play gaming with multiple players has become popular. In fact, the first application of multimedia system was in the field of entertainment and that too in the video game industry. The integrated audio and video effects make various types of games more entertaining.

Multimedia had a wide application in the field of science and technology. It is capable of transferring audio, sending message and formatted multimedia documents. At the same time the it also helps in live interaction through audio messages and it is only possible with the hypermedia. It reduces the time and cost can be arranged at any moment even in emergencies.

Sound is one of the most important element of Multimedia. It is meaningful “speech” in any language, from a whisper to a scream. It can provide the listening pleasure of music, the Startling accent of special effects or the ambience of a mood setting background. Sound is the terminology used in the analog form, and the digitized form of sound is called as audio.

Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and the illusion of change by means of the rapid succession of sequential images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion as in motion pictures in general is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon and beta movement, but the exact causes are still unclear. There are some forms of animation that do not feature a rapid succession of sequential images, but these are usually not considered “true” or “full” animation. For instance, the physical movement of image parts through simple mechanics in magic lantern slides and the movement of the projector (the magic lantern) in phantasmagoria provided popular moving picture shows.

Animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a flip book, motion picture film, video tape, digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation, and digital video. To display animation, a digital camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced.

Element #1 – Nat Sound: Nat sound (also known as “natural sound” or “wild sound”) includes any audio recorded along with the video that you shoot. This includes ambient audio. When you record a scene on a bench in a city park, the sound of children laughing and playing in the background is part of the nat sound in that environment. In the context of this article, we’ll also consider on-camera dialogue that is recorded along with the visuals to be natural sound.Nat sound is often the only audio that amateur videographers include in their videos.

While home videos typically consist entirely of this kind of audio, Hollywood producers go to great lengths to avoid using it altogether. The audio recorded with the images that are shot for most feature films is usually used only as a guideline by a team (or multiple teams) of people that re-creates every sound and every word of dialogue in a scene. Foley artists create and record everything from footsteps to keyboard clicks as separate sound elements that can be mixed together with great precision and control.

While all of this may be unrealistic for the videos that you produce, there is an important principle to learn: if you want your videos to sound more like professional productions, you’ll have to spend some time editing your audio.If you record dramas, documentaries, events, interviews or instructional videos, nat sound is the foundation of your soundtrack. It’s critical that you start with the highest quality audio possible-this means that your camcorder’s built-in microphone is not the best choice. An external microphone and a good pair of headphones are essential.

Element #2 – Music : Simply adding a track of background music can greatly improve your videos. Music has great power to impact your viewers emotionally, and the pros use it all the time to add zing to a scene. Listen carefully to the music tracks that accompany the programs that you watch on TV tonight. Music often creeps in quietly-unnoticed by the viewer-then builds as emotions heighten. Want to tell your audience how to feel? Use music. Some of the most suspenseful movies of all time are known by their music tracks (Jaws and Psycho, for instance).

The anticipation at the sound of the music in these movies could scare an audience out of its seat.In the same way that it can build tension and fear, music can build joy or excitement. Imagine how the music would swell (along with the hearts of the viewers) as a hero triumphantly emerged from a smoldering building with a child in his arms.You can change the entire feel of a scene by simply changing the music track. The same sequence of shots can feel spooky, silly or sad, depending on the music that you select. To see for yourself, shoot this short sequence, edit it together, then play it back with several different music tracks.

Element #3 – Sound Effects: These days, sound effects are more than just gunshots and explosions. As we said, most of the sounds you hear when you watch a feature film were created in a studio and edited into the production. You can use subtle sound effects to enhance your videos. Remember that interview in the park? Adding the sound of a rolling stream or some chirping birds can enhance the pleasant feeling of the setting.Look again at the three shot sequence where the reader hears a sound before leaving the room.

Just what did he hear? A single CD of sound effects provides a variety of options to consider. Capture a few sounds, then edit them into your sequence. Did he hear a scream, a knock at the door, a police siren? Maybe it was a dog barking, the phone ringing or the sound of a marching band. Try a few of them, then revisit the music track.

If you selected a dramatic sound like a gun or car crash, pick a suspenseful music track to coincide. You get the idea.Sound effect CDs are easy to find, and provide a number of options for just a few dollars. A sound effect CD is a good investment for a videographer, especially a CD that includes natural sounds. However, look closely at the contents of the disc before you buy. You may not have much use for a collection of carnival sounds.

Element #4 – Narration: If you produce documentaries, travel video, personal histories, instructional videos or any type of video that seeks to explain a procedure or tell a story, narration is invaluable. The best narration is well-scripted and planned to match the visuals in your production, not off-the-cuff rambling.

If possible, it’s a good idea to script out your narration before you shoot, then gather the shots that you need to match. If you cannot script the narration before you shoot, at least do it before you begin editing. It is much easier to lay the narration on the timeline and edit your footage to the words than it is to write a tight narration that matches your edited video.

Video recording is a recording of both the visual and audible components (especially one containing a recording of a movie or television program)

Multimedia production provides high-definition (HD) video recording and editing services for both academic instruction and research projects. Services include:

• The creation of professional quality video productions for instruction and demonstration;
• Live event webcasting; and
• Live-linking with major broadcast networks
• Consulting services on the uploading and delivery of recorded digital content for streaming and to university servers and websites; and
• Consulting support on the creation of accessible digital media, such as transcribing and captioning, in accordance with current legislation.

In this sub topic you will learn how you can extract frames from video and also figure out how you can save them in a specific format. You will have the ability to harness the power of video editing and access the tools that you always needed all so that you can extract frames immediately and with great results.

In conclusion, using WonderShare Filmora to extract frames from video is not only very simple, it also offers an amazing set of opportunities. We recommend you to try out the app immediately and you will surely have no problem extracting the desired frames.

Video editing is the manipulation and arrangement of video shots. Video editing is used to structure and present all video information, including films and television shows, video advertisements and video essays. Video editing has been dramatically democratized in recent years by editing software available for personal computers.

• Removing unwanted footage or editing out some scene elements
• Choosing the best shots and footage to go into the final output
• Creating the flow of the narrative by arranging and rearranging scenes
• Adding effects, filters and additional elements such as CGI

Video editing software is an application program which handles the post-production video editing of digital video sequences on a computer non-linear editing system (NLE). It has replaced traditional flatbed celluloid film editing tools and analogue video tape-to-tape online editing machines.

The best video editor for beginners is Wondershare Filmora. Let see some use:

• Select one media file: click a thumbnail.
• Select multiple media files: press and hold [Ctrl], and then click the thumbnails you want.
• Select a sequence of media files: click the first thumbnail in the sequence, press and hold [Shift], and then click the last thumbnail in the sequence.
• Note: You can locate the media file directly by searching its name in the Search bar

• In the Library, right click the clip and select DELETE.

• Note: When you delete a clip from the library, only the reference is deleted not the actual clip. All the clips still remain in their original location since they are just referenced in the Media Library. You can still find the file in the location where it is stored.

• Do one of the following to add clips to the Timeline panel in Filmora:Drag and drop the thumbnail of the media file in the media library panel to the Timeline.

• Choose target, right click to ADD CLIP or APPLY TO PIP.
• Tips: Automatically the file will be dropped at the very beginning of the video track. When you drag and drop the next one that will be sticking to the previous file automatically. It is designed to prevent the black frames from generating after exporting the video.
• What’s more, for better arranging your clips, Wondershare Filmora allows you to add up to 10 PIP tracks.

• Filmora also provides several sample colors or intro video. To get access these resources, just click “User’s Album” and choose SAMPLE COLORS or SAMPLE VIDEO.

Do one of the following:

• Right click a clip and select DELETE
• Select a clip and hit the DELETE buttonin the menu section or the Delete button on the keyboard

Video compression is the process of encoding a video file in such a way that it consumes less space than the original file and is easier to transmit over the network/Internet. It is a type of compression technique that reduces the size of video file formats by eliminating redundant and non-functional data from the original video file.

Video compression is performed through a video codec that works on one or more compression algorithms. Usually video compression is done by removing repetitive images, sounds and/or scenes from a video. For example, a video may have the same background, image or sound played several times or the data displayed/attached with video file is not that important. Video compression will remove all such data to reduce the video file size.

Videos take up a lot of space just how much varies widely depending on the video format, the resolution and the number of frames per second you select. Uncompressed 1080 HD video footage takes up about 10.5 GB of space per minute of video. If you use a smartphone to shoot your video, 1080p footage takes up 130 MB per minute of footage, while 4K video takes up 375 MB of space for each minute film. Because it takes up so much space, the video must be compressed before it is put on the web.

“Compressed” just means that the information is packed into a smaller space. There are two kinds of compression:

1. lossy
2. Lossless.

• Lossy compression means that the compressed file has fewer data in it than the original file. In some cases, this translates to lower quality files, because information has been “lost,” hence the name. However, you can lose a relatively large amount of data before you start to notice a difference. Lossy compression makes up for the loss in quality by producing comparatively small files. For example, DVDs are compressed using the MPEG-2 format, which can make files 15 to 30 times smaller, but viewers still tend to perceive DVDs as having high-quality pictures.Most video that is uploaded to the internet uses lossy compression to keep the file size small while delivering a relatively high-quality product.

• Lossless compression is exactly what it sounds like, compression where none of the information is lost. This is not nearly as useful as lossy compression because files often end up being the same size as they were before compression. This may seem pointless, as reducing the file size is the primary goal of compression. However, if the file size is not an issue, using lossless compression results in a perfect-quality picture.For example, a video editor transferring files from one computer to another using a hard drive might choose to use lossless compression to preserve quality while he is working.